| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| Aβ | Amyloid-beta |
| T2 DM | Diabetes mellitus type 2 |
| IRs | Insulin receptors |
| IRS-1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| GSK-3β | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta |
| BACE-1 | Beta secretase 1 or β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 |
| PKB | Protein kinase B |
| APP | Amyloid Precursor Protein |
| NFTs | Neurofibrillary tangles |
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