Table 2.

The L₁ measure of imbalance before and after Coarsened Exact Matching.

Variable	Before Matching: L1 (mean)	After Matching: L1 (mean)
University	0.108 (0.182)	3.6 × 10−15 (−4.2 × 10−15)
Gender	0.107 (−0.107)	3.0 × 10−15(−8.0 × 10−15)
Grade	0.040 (0.082)	4.9 × 10−15(−1.5 × 10−14)
Only child or not	0.049 (0.049)	2.8 × 10−15(−5.6 × 10−15)
Urban or rural source	0.155 (−0.155)	2.0 × 10−15(−4.0 × 10−15)
Multivariate L1	0.306	4.84 × 10−15

Note: L₁ was computed for measuring the imbalance between left-behind students and controls, using Stata 13.0.