Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of the control and experimental groups and results of the repeated measures ANOVA.
| Variables | Groups | Pre-Test | Post-Test | Time | Time × Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | M ± SD | F (p) | η2 | F (p) | η2 | ||
| Benefits | CON | 2.888 ± 0.650 | 3.021 ± 0.619 | 346.518 ** | 0.107 | 53.175 ** | 0.018 |
| EXP | 2.929 ± 0.691 | 3.235 ± 0.538 | |||||
| Importance | CON | 3.231 ± 0.634 | 3.298 ± 0.589 | 159.169 ** | 0.052 | 40.564 ** | 0.014 |
| EXP | 3.246 ± 0.659 | 3.452 ± 0.536 | |||||
| Learning | CON | 2.268 ± 0.709 | 2.374 ± 0.748 | 443.503 ** | 0.177 | 236.484 ** | 0.103 |
| EXP | 1.997 ± 0.827 | 2.681 ± 0.696 | |||||
| Self-efficacy | CON | 2.550 ± 0.822 | 2.619 ± 0.847 | 493.599 ** | 0.186 | 366.258 ** | 0.145 |
| EXP | 2.288 ± 0.997 | 3.219 ± 0.624 | |||||
| Fun | CON | 3.008 ± 0.673 | 3.143 ± 0.616 | 224.662 ** | 0.074 | 9.227 ** | 0.003 |
| EXP | 3.068 ± 0.686 | 3.271 ± 0.593 | |||||
| Fitness | CON | 3.081 ± 0.715 | 3.206 ± 0.658 | 151.520 ** | 0.050 | 2.066 (ns) | |
| EXP | 3.164 ± 0.692 | 3.322 ± 0.590 | |||||
| Personal best | CON | 3.237 ± 0.771 | 3.315 ± 0.732 | 137.790 ** | 0.045 | 25.530 ** | 0.009 |
| EXP | 3.203 ± 0.811 | 3.399 ± 0.658 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | CON | 17.538 ± 2.723 | 17.510 ± 2.582 | 5.782 * | 0.002 | 0.801 (ns) | |
| EXP | 17.404 ± 2.562 | 17.343 ± 2.453 | |||||
CON: Control group, EXP: Experimental group; M: Mean; SD: Standard deviation; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ns: not significant at 0.05 Note: In total, there were 3053 students (the control groups had n = 1137 and the experimental groups had n = 1916).