Table 2.

Summary of identified endpoints in three umbrella systematic literature reviews and corresponding attributable burden of disease (in DALY).

Endpoint		Age Group	Background Burden (in DALY)	Attributable Disease Burden (in DALY)
				Maternal Smoking	Preterm Birth	Low Birth Weight	Childhood Overweight & Obesity	Total
1	Cancer
1.1	Acute leukemia	<20 years	806	3.9	6.8	n/a	32	43
1.2	Lymphoma	<20 years	238	7	n/a	n/a	n/a	7
1.3	Nervous system cancer	<20 years	832	5.2	n/a	n/a	n/a	5.2
1.4	Testicular cancer	<20 years	11	n/a	n/a	0.22	n/a	0.22
1.5	Wilms’ tumor	<20 years	95	n/a	1.6	n/a	n/a	1.6
1.6	Other cancer a	≥20 years	41,647	n/a	n/a	n/a	2570	2570
2	Cardiovascular
2.1	Coronary heart disease	All ages	157,588	n/a	n/a	2066	3184	5250
2.2	Essential hypertension	All ages	12,532	n/a	153	n/a	1323	1477
2.3	Stroke	All ages	71,952	n/a	n/a	n/a	5088	5088
3	Mental & cognitive disorders
3.1	Depression	≥20 years	292	n/a	n/a	2.6	3.5	6.1
3.2	Autism	All ages	4528	n/a	55	167	n/a	223
3.3	Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	All ages	703	n/a	43	n/a	4.2	47
3.4	Intellectual disability	All ages	1059	n/a	42	n/a	n/a	42
4	Other groups
4.1	Diabetes	All ages	55,898	n/a	1059	977	15,987	18,023
4.2	Asthma	All ages	13,809	39	14	189	47	290
4.3	Congenital anomalies b	All ages	8593	115	n/a	n/a	n/a	115
4.4	Chronic kidney disease	All ages	11,807	n/a	n/a	506	n/a	506
	Sum		382,388	170	1376	3909	28,241	33,696
	Indirectly attributable to maternal smoking			170	35	167	839	1211
	Indirectly attributable to maternal smoking (%)				3 %	4 %	3 %	4 %

n/a: no statistically significant association identified. ^a Including esophageal adenocarcinoma, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer. ^b Including the following congenital anomalies: heart anomalies, orofacial clefts, digestive anomalies, musculoskeletal anomalies.