Table 3.

Exemplary outcomes associated with maternal smoking and associated intermediate risk factors for which no background burden was available and therefore not quantified in this work *.

Health Effect	Maternal Smoking	Risk Factor
		Preterm Birth	Low Birth Weight	Childhood Overweight/Obesity
Cardiovascular diseases
Atherosclerosis				[37]
Cognitive and Mental
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Index				[38]
Academic performance		[39]
Higher education qualification		[40]
Intelligence			[41]
Criminal/Deviant behaviour	[42]
Social benefits		[40]
Respiratory
Wheezing	[43,44]	[45]	[45,46]
Decreased lung function (FEF75, FEV1, FVC)		[47]	[47,48]
Metabolic
Cortisol secretion	[49]		[50]
Metabolic syndrome			[32]	[51]
Total cholesterol			[52]	[53]
Other
Congenital anomalies	[54]
Age at menarche	[55]
Bone mineral density				[56]
Periodontal disease				[57]

* All associations listed here were statistically significant at 95% confidence in the reviewed meta-analyses.