Table 9.
Sensitivity analysis results.
| Statin Non–User | Statin Use Levels * | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28–89 cDDDs | 90–180 cDDDs | >180 cDDDs | ||||||
| HR | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | p Trend | |
| Main model † | 1 | 1.241 | 1.043–1.475 | 0.771 | 0.598–0.994 | 0.638 | 0.433–0.899 | 0.0004 |
| Main model † plus: | ||||||||
| Medical diseases | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 1 | 1.192 | 1.001–1.420 | 0.737 | 0.572–0.950 | 0.609 | 0.432–0.858 | 0.0003 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1 | 1.089 | 0.914–1.297 | 0.678 | 0.526–0.874 | 0.562 | 0.399–0.792 | 0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 | 1.24 | 1.042–1.477 | 0.77 | 0.597–0.993 | 0.637 | 0.452–0.898 | 0.0004 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1 | 1.212 | 1.018–1.443 | 0.745 | 0.587–0.960 | 0.605 | 0.430–0.853 | 0.0002 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1 | 1.231 | 1.034–1.466 | 0.76 | 0.590–0.980 | 0.625 | 0.444–0.881 | 0.0003 |
| Heart failure | 1 | 1.241 | 1.042–1.478 | 0.771 | 0.598–0.994 | 0.637 | 0.452–0.898 | 0.0004 |
| Diabeties disease | 1 | 1.196 | 1.004–1.424 | 0.743 | 0.577–0.959 | 0.612 | 0.434–0.862 | 0.0004 |
| Liver disease | 1 | 1.241 | 1.042–1.478 | 0.77 | 0.597–0.993 | 0.637 | 0.452–0.897 | 0.0004 |
| COPD | 1 | 1.247 | 1.047–1.485 | 0.774 | 0.600–0.997 | 0.638 | 0.453–0.899 | 0.0004 |
| Alcohol–related disease | 1 | 1.242 | 1.043–1.479 | 0.771 | 0.598–0.994 | 0.638 | 0.453–0.899 | 0.0004 |
| Medication | ||||||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | ||||||||
| Diuretic | 1 | 1.222 | 1.026–1.455 | 0.754 | 0.585–0.972 | 0.62 | 0.440–0.874 | 0.0003 |
| Beta Blocker | 1 | 1.238 | 1.040–1.475 | 0.768 | 0.596–0.991 | 0.635 | 0.450–0.895 | 0.0004 |
| Anithyperglycemia drugs | ||||||||
| Insulins | 1 | 1.229 | 1.032–1.464 | 0.755 | 0.585–0.973 | 0.613 | 0.435–0.864 | 0.0002 |
| Biguanides | 1 | 1.211 | 1.016–1.442 | 0.749 | 0.581–0.967 | 0.623 | 0.442–0.878 | 0.0004 |
| Sulfonylureas | 1 | 1.168 | 0.980–1.392 | 0.72 | 0.558–0.928 | 0.6 | 0.426–0.846 | 0.0003 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 1 | 1.218 | 1.022–1.451 | 0.75 | 0.581–0.968 | 0.616 | 0.437–0.869 | 0.0003 |
| Antihyperlipidemic drugs | ||||||||
| Nonstatin lipid–lowering drug | 1 | 1.242 | 1.043–1.478 | 0.771 | 0.598–0.994 | 0.639 | 0.453–0.9 | 0.0004 |
| Fibrate | 1 | 1.243 | 1.044–1.480 | 0.77 | 0.598–0.993 | 0.636 | 0.451–0.896 | 0.0004 |
| Aspirin | 1 | 1.152 | 0.967–1.373 | 0.703 | 0.545–0.907 | 0.57 | 0.404–0.804 | 0.0001 |
| NSAIDs | 1 | 1.212 | 1.018–1.443 | 0.755 | 0.586–0.973 | 0.624 | 0.443–0.879 | 0.0004 |
| Benzbromarone | 1 | 1.242 | 1.043–1.478 | 0.771 | 0.598–0.994 | 0.638 | 0.453–0.899 | 0.0004 |
| Antihyperuric gout drugs | ||||||||
| Allopurinol | 1 | 1.24 | 1.041–1.476 | 0.77 | 0.597–0.992 | 0.637 | 0.452–0.898 | 0.0004 |
| Subgroup analysis† | ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 1 | 1.163 | 0.917–1.476 | 0.88 | 0.641–1.208 | 0.699 | 0.451–1.084 | 0.1596 |
| Male | 1 | 1.364 | 1.055–1.762 | 0.63 | 0.411–0.968 | 0.568 | 0.327–0.986 | 0.0016 |
| Age | ||||||||
| <65 | 1 | 1.151 | 0.911–1.453 | 0.589 | 0.416–0.861 | 0.586 | 0.374–0.917 | 0.0017 |
| ≥65 | 1 | 1.329 | 1.023–1.727 | 1.003 | 0.703–1.430 | 0.667 | 0.391–1.136 | 0.0657 |
| Menopause | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1.226 | 0.951–1.582 | 0.903 | 0.641–1.272 | 0.649 | 0.393–1.072 | 0.1004 |
| No | 1 | 0.744 | 0.375–1.478 | 0.698 | 0.305–1.600 | 0.85 | 0.343–2.109 | 0.7089 |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1.191 | 0.984–1.441 | 0.743 | 6.566–6.976 | 0.583 | 0.402–0.846 | 0.0007 |
| No | 1 | 1.604 | 1.052–2.446 | 0.917 | 0.454–1.849 | 1.003 | 0.414–2.428 | 0.1776 |
| Family medicine | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1.576 | 0.956–2.600 | 1.088 | 0.586–2.021 | 0.435 | 0.136–1.396 | 0.132 |
| No | 1 | 1.224 | 1.014–1.496 | 0.716 | 0.541–0.948 | 0.604 | 0.463–0.951 | 0.0011 |
Abbreviations: cDDDs, cumulative defined daily doses; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEi, angiotensin–converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Blocker; Alpha–Gi, alpha–glucosidase inhibitor; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. * Statin use and categorization was defined by cumulative prescription (cDDDs) of statin. † Models adjusted gender, age, income, urbanization, comorbidity.