Table 1.
Population health index (PHI) structure.
| Area of Concern | Dimension | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| Health Determinant Index | ||
| Economic conditions, social protection, and security | Employment | Unemployment rate (%) |
| Long-term unemployment rate—12 months and more (%) | ||
| Income and living conditions | Disposable income of private households per capita (euros per inhabitant) | |
| People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (%) | ||
| Disposable income ratio—S80/S20 (ratio) | ||
| Social protection | Expenditure on care for the elderly (% of gross domestic product (GDP)) | |
| Security | Crimes recorded by the police (per 100,000 inhabitants) | |
| Education | Education | Population aged 25–64 with upper secondary or tertiary education attainment (%) |
| Early leavers from education and training (%) | ||
| Demographic change | Aging | At risk of poverty rate of older people—aged 65 years and over (%) |
| Aging index (ratio) | ||
| Lifestyle and health behaviors | Lifestyle and health behaviors | Adults who are obese (%) |
| Daily smokers—aged 15 and over (%) | ||
| Pure alcohol consumption—aged 15 and over (liters per capita) | ||
| Live births by mothers under age of 20 (%) | ||
| Physical environment | Pollution | Annual mean of the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations (µg/m3) |
| Annual mean of the daily PM10 concentrations (µg/m3) | ||
| Greenhouse gas (total tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per capita) | ||
| Population exposed to traffic noise—Lden55–59db, during day (%) * | ||
| Extreme weather events * | Population affected by flooding (per 1,000,000 inhabitants) * | |
| Built environment | Housing conditions | Average number of rooms per person |
| Households without indoor flushing toilet (%) | ||
| Households without central heating (%) | ||
| Water and sanitation | Population connected to public water supply (%) | |
| Population connected to wastewater treatment plants (%) | ||
| Waste Management | Recycling rate of municipal waste (%) | |
| Land use * | Population density (inhabitants/km2) * | |
| Road safety | Road safety | Victims in road accidents—injured and killed (per 100,000 inhabitants) |
| Fatality rate due to road traffic accidents (per 1000 victims) | ||
| Healthcare resources and expenditure | Healthcare resources | Medical doctors (per 100,000 inhabitants) |
| Health personnel—nurses and midwives, dentists, pharmacists, and physiotherapists (per 100,000 inhabitants) | ||
| Healthcare expenditure | Total health expenditure (purchasing power standard per capita) | |
| Private household out-of-pocket expenses on health (% of total health expenditure) | ||
| Public expenditure on health ( purchasing power standard per capita) | ||
| Healthcare performance | Healthcare performance | Hospital discharges due to diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (per 100,000 inhabitants) |
| Amenable deaths due to healthcare (standardized death rate per 100,000 inhabitants) | ||
| Health Outcome Index | ||
| Health outcomes | Length of life (mortality) | Life expectancy at birth (years) |
| Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | ||
| Preventable deaths (standardized death rate per 100,000 inhabitants) | ||
| Quality of life(morbidity) | Self-perceived health less than good (%) | |
| Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate (per 100,000 inhabitants) | ||
| Low birth weight (%) | ||
* Dimensions and indicators included in the PHI model (conceptual model) but not used in its application (adjusted model) to the 269 NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) 2 regions, due to lack of data.