Table A10.
Cluster compositions of original ideas and mean importance ratings of parents in group 4 (S1 N = 7; S2 N = 6), including the assignment of original ideas to main ideas.
| Clusters | Original Ideas | Idea nr. 1 | Merged to Main Idea 2 | Mean 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Sleep environment | 3.1 | |||
| Too much noise within the home | 7 | Noise inside | 3.3 | |
| Too much noise from outside | 8 | Noise outside | 3.5 | |
| A bedroom that is too light due to incoming light | 9 | Too much light | 3.0 | |
| When there is still daylight when the child needs to go to sleep | 10 | Seasonal changes | 3.2 | |
| Too much distraction due to too many stuffed animals or other toys in bed | 19 | Distractions in the bedroom | 2.3 | |
| Pets in the bedroom that cause distractions | 21 | Distractions in the bedroom | 3.2 | |
| Hearing sounds that are different than usual when the child lies in bed | 29 | Noise inside | 2.7 | |
| Not able to lay down comfortably due to a hard surface | 30 | Uncomfortable place to sleep | 3.0 | |
| Feeling too hot when the child lies in bed | 44 | Not the right temperature | 3.0 | |
| Feeling too cold when the child lies in bed | 45 | Not the right temperature | 3.2 | |
| Mosquitos in the bedroom | 46 | Distractions in the bedroom | 3.7 | |
| Shared bedroom with brothers or sisters | 52 | Distractions in the bedroom | 2.7 | |
| 2. Mental distress, stressful family situation, worries, and fear | 4.0 | |||
| Having too much on his/her mind due to many thoughts | 3 | Many thoughts | 4.2 | |
| Continuing to analyse past events when the child lies in bed | 4 | Recent stressful event | 4.5 | |
| Being angry at older brothers and sisters that are allowed to stay up longer | 11 | Social norm for bedtime among siblings | 2.8 | |
| Excitement, happy feelings for something that is going to happen the next day | 12 | Excitement | 3.2 | |
| Being nervous for something that is going to happen the next day | 13 | Upcoming stressful event | 3.5 | |
| Being bullied | 15 | Being bullied | 4.7 | |
| Having nightmares | 31 | Unpleasant dreams | 4.5 | |
| Feeling left out because the child is not allowed to stay up | 32 | Fear of missing out | 3.3 | |
| Not willing to miss something and therefore not willing to go to sleep | 33 | Fear of missing out | 3.0 | |
| Fear for own ideas and fantasies | 34 | Being afraid | 4.5 | |
| Having watched a scary movie and after that being afraid when lying in bed | 35 | Watching something scary | 3.8 | |
| When the child feels unsafe | 36 | Feeling unsafe | 4.7 | |
| Parental stress (rushing) that is transferred to the child | 48 | Parental stress | 4.3 | |
| Negative tension between parents | 49 | Parental relationship problems | 4.3 | |
| Negative tension or disagreement within the family | 50 | Parental relationship problems | 4.5 | |
| Missing the feeling of security when the child needs to sleep alone and was used to sleep with a sibling | 53 | Reluctant to sleep alone | 3.0 | |
| Being afraid in the dark | 55 | Being afraid | 4.5 | |
| Worrying about things that did not go well during the day and not being able to let it go | 56 | Recent stressful event | 4.0 | |
| 3. Family environment and sleep habits | 3.4 | |||
| When a parent is (not able to be) present at the moment the child needs it | 24 | Parental absence when child needs attention | 2.8 | |
| Waiting for a parent that still needs to come home | 25 | Parental absence when child needs attention | 3.0 | |
| A different environment, not sleeping in their own bed | 28 | Different sleep environment | 3.0 | |
| Having wet the bed | 43 | Sleep problem | 4.0 | |
| Absence of the favourite stuffed animal or sleeping cloth | 54 | Absence of favourite sleep accessory | 4.2 | |
| 4. Energy, diet, physical activity, and routines | 3.3 | |||
| A busy day with excessive stimulation due to too many activities | 1 | Excessive daytime stimulation | 4.0 | |
| A boring day with inadequate stimulation due to lack of activities | 2 | Inadequate daytime stimulation | 3.2 | |
| Not being tired when going to bed | 5 | Too energetic | 3.8 | |
| Being too tired when going to bed | 6 | Too tired | 2.8 | |
| Did not have physical activity (sports, playing outside) after school and were therefore not able to use their energy | 14 | Inadequate amount of daytime physical activity | 3.2 | |
| Feeling hungry | 16 | Inadequate amount of food | 3.2 | |
| Feeling thirsty | 17 | Did not drink enough | 3.2 | |
| When they are not feeling like going to sleep | 18 | Reluctant to go to sleep | 3.3 | |
| A bedtime that is too early for the child’s circadian rhythm | 37 | Too early bedtime | 3.8 | |
| Having napped at daytime | 39 | Daytime nap | 3.5 | |
| Having had a peak of energy before going to sleep and therefore being too energetic at bedtime | 40 | Too energetic | 3.7 | |
| Having had something to eat with a lot of sugar before bedtime | 41 | Unhealthy diet | 2.5 | |
| Having had too much to drink before going to sleep and therefore needing to go to the toilet often | 42 | Drinking too much before bedtime | 3.2 | |
| Having had dinner shortly before bedtime | 47 | Excessive amount of food close to bedtime | 2.7 | |
| Having a jetlag 4 | 51 | No consistent sleep schedule | 2.8 | |
| Spending too little time outside in the fresh air | 57 | Inadequate time outside at daytime | 3.3 | |
| Lack of water during the day | 58 | Did not drink enough | 3.0 | |
| 5. Screen behaviour and bedtime routine | 3.4 | |||
| When the phone is placed by the bed and causes distraction due to the sound of incoming messages | 20 | Distractions in the bedroom | 4.0 | |
| Using the computer or other screen (phone, tablet, game computer, TV) right before going to sleep | 22 | Screen use before bedtime | 3.3 | |
| Using screens (phone, tablet, game computer, TV) a lot during the day | 23 | Excessive daytime screen use | 2.7 | |
| Disturbance of the bedtime routine, activities are different than usual | 26 | Deviate from usual bedtime routine | 3.5 | |
| Having no bedtime routine | 27 | No bedtime routine | 3.7 | |
| 6. Physical well-being | 3.5 | |||
| Being ill 5 | 38 | Illness | 3.5 |
1 Idea nr. = The number of the generated idea in this group. This corresponds with the numbers on the concept maps in Appendix A. 2 Merged into main idea = The overall main idea to which the original idea of this group is assigned. 3 Mean = mean importance rating on a 5-point Likert scale based on the question: ‘Think about the sleep of a child in the age of 4-12 years, how much does this affect their sleep?’ answered on a 5-point Likert scale from ‘does not affect at all = 1’ to ‘affects a whole lot = 5’; 4 this idea was moved from cluster 5 to cluster 4; 5 this idea was subtracted from cluster 5. Bold values indicate ideas rated as important (with a rating ≥3.00); Cursive values indicate the overall mean rating per cluster. S1 = Session 1, brainstorm; S2 = Session 2, sort and rate.