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. 2020 Mar 7;21(5):1840. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051840

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Model for sperm CatSper channel regulation in the oviduct. Possible signal transduction mechanisms of porcine sperm Ca2+ influx through the CatSper channels. The oviductal molecular signaling stimulate the receptors for spermatozoa Ca2+ influx in a positive or a negative manner depending on sperm or seminal plasma exposure. The different factors that are possibly affecting Ca²⁺ entry are depicted in the diagram, whereas AKAPs, CATSPERs, and CABYR genes are positive regulator of the Catsper channel, while PKIs and CRISP1 genes are inhibitors of the Catsper channels.