Table 2.

DEPs involved in the functional pathways implicated in male infertility.

Molecular Pathways	DEPs	Reference
Oxidative stress	HIST1H2BA, MDH2, TGM4, GPX4, GLUL, HSP90B1, HSPA5, ACE, HSPA2, RPS27A, MAP3K3 and APP, PRDX1, AKAP4	[23,112,113]
Energy and metabolism and Mitochondrial dysfunction	PKAR1A, AK7, CCT6B, HSPA2, ODF2, DLD, ATP5D, NDUFS1, UQCRC2, COX5B, PDH, PHGPx, VDAC, COX6B, AKAP4	[18,70,88,119]
Cytoskeleton integrity	ACTB, KRT1, ODF2, TEK1, TEK4, TEK5, TUBB2B, ACTB	[69,70,107]
Protein folding and degradation	HSPA2, CLU, PSMB4, PSMB5, PSMB6, PSMA3	[36,90,107]
Spermatogenesis and sperm function	Importin, Exportin, HSP 70, AKAPs, HSPA2,	[115,116]
Sperm DNA damage	CRISPLD2, CRISPLD2, RARRES1	[117]