| α-MSH | α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| Tyrp-1 | tyrosinase-related protein 1 |
| MITF | microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| NHMs | normal human melanocytes |
| TPEF | two-photon excitation fluorescence |
| LXR | liver X receptor |
| AHAs | alpha hydroxy acids |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
| F&M | Fontana-Masson |