| PAL | Phenylalanine ammonialyase |
| C4H | Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase |
| 4CL | 4-coumarateCoA ligase |
| CHS | Chalcone synthase |
| CHI | Chalcone isomerase |
| F3H | Flavonoid 3-hydroxylase |
| F3′H | Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase |
| F3′5′H | Flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase |
| DFR | Dihydroflavonolreductase |
| ANS | Anthocyanidin synthase |
| UFGT | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase |
| DHK | Dihydrokaempferol |
| DHQ | Dihydroquercetin |
| DHM | Dihydromyricetin |
| qRT-PCR | Quantitative real-time PCR |