| PHC | Primary health care |
| LIP | Labour Insurance Programme |
| SOE | State-owned enterprise |
| GIP | Government insurance programme |
| UEBMI | Urban Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance |
| URBMI | Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance |
| NRCMS | New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme |
| CHNS | China Health and Nutrition Survey |
| DID | Difference-in-differences |
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