Table 1.
Association between demographic variables and the psychological impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as well as adverse mental health status during the epidemic (n = 1210).
| Variables | N (%) | Impact of event | Stress | Anxiety | Depression | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-Squared (R2) | Adjusted R-Squared (AR2) | Beta (95% Confidence Interval) B (95% CI) | R2 | AR2 | B (95%CI) | R2 | AR2 | B (95% CI) | R2 | AR2 | B (95% CI) | ||
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Male | 396 (32.7) | 0.005 | 0.005 | −0.20 * (−0.35 to −0.05) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.10 * (0.02 to 0.19) | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.19 ** (0.05 to 0.33) | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.12 * (0.01 to 0.23) |
| Female | 814 (67.3) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Age (Years) | |||||||||||||
| (12–21.4) | 344 (28.4) | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.21 (−0.20 to 0.62) | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.08 (−0.16 to 0.32) | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.10 (−0.28 to 0.48) | 0.013 | 0.009 | 0.06 (−0.25 to 0.37) |
| (21.4–30.8) | 643 (53.1) | 0.09 (−0.31 to 0.50) | 0.12 (−0.12 to 0.36) | 0.07 (−0.31 to 0.44) | 0.18 (−0.12 to 0.47) | ||||||||
| (30.8–40.2) | 94 (7.8) | −0.17 (−0.64 to 0.29) | −0.07 (−0.35 to 0.20) | −0.16 (−0.59 to 0.27) | −0.06 (−0.41 to 0.28) | ||||||||
| (40.2–49.6) | 90 (7.4) | −0.16 (−0.63 to 0.30) | −0.12 (−0.39 to 0.16) | −0.23 (−0.67 to 0.20) | −0.16 (−0.51 to 0.19) | ||||||||
| (49.6–59) | 39 (3.2) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Status as a parent | |||||||||||||
| Has a child 16 years or under | 234 (19.3) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.04 (−0.16 to 0.25) | 0.002 | <0.001 | −0.02 (−0.14 to 0.10) | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.08 (−0.11 to 0.27) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.05 (−0.10 to 0.20) |
| Has a child older than 16 years | 581 (48.1) | −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10) | −0.07 (−0.17 to 0.02) | −0.08 (−0.23 to 0.07) | −0.06 (−0.18 to 0.06) | ||||||||
| No children | 395 (32.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||||
| Single | 273 (22.6) | 0.002 | −0.001 | −0.04 (−1.46 to 1.38) | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.02 (−0.81 to 0.86) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.71 (−0.61 to 2.03) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.45 (−0.60 to 1.51) |
| Married | 925 (76.4) | 0.09 (−1.33 to 1.50) | 0.12 (−0.71 to 0.96) | 0.80 (−0.51 to 2.12) | 0.56 (−0.50 to 1.61) | ||||||||
| Divorced/separated | 9 (0.7) | 0.11 (−1.52 to 1.74) | <0.001 (−0.96 to 0.96) | 0.44 (−1.07 to 1.96) | 0.44 (−0.77 to 1.66) | ||||||||
| Widowed | 3 (0.2) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Household size | |||||||||||||
| Six people or more | 171 (14.1) | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.38 (−0.39 to 1.14) | 0.002 | <0.001 | −0.23 (−0.68 to 0.22) | <0.001 | −0.002 | −0.17 (−0.87 to 0.54) | 0.002 | <0.001 | −0.19 (−0.76 to 0.38) |
| Three to five people | 976 (80.7) | 0.25 (−0.49 to 0.99) | −0.20 (−0.63 to 0.24) | −0.12 (−0.81 to 0.57) | −0.09 (−0.64 to 0.47) | ||||||||
| Two people | 52 (4.3) | 0.41 (−0.40 to 1.22) | −0.33 (−0.81 to 0.15) | −0.18 (−0.93 to 0.58) | −0.21 (−0.82 to 0.39) | ||||||||
| One person | 11 (0.9) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||||||
| Unemployed | 67 (5.5) | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.13 (−0.19 to 0.45) | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.12 (−0.07 to 0.31) | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.21 (−0.09 to 0.51) | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.16 (−0.08 to 0.40) |
| Farmers | 24 (2) | −0.08 (−0.59 to 0.43) | 0.003 (−0.30 to 0.30) | 0.07 (−0.41 to 0.54) | −0.07 (−0.45 to 0.31) | ||||||||
| Retired | 7 (0.6) | −0.76 (−1.69 to 0.17) | −0.37 (−0.92 to 0.18) | −0.54 (−1.41 to 0.32) | −0.48 (−1.18 to 0.21) | ||||||||
| Student | 639 (52.8) | 0.20 * (0.05 to 0.35) | 0.11 * (0.02 to 0.19) | 0.16 * (0.02 to 0.30) | 0.08 * (−0.03 to 0.19) | ||||||||
| Employed | 473 (39.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Educational attainment | |||||||||||||
| None | 2 (0.2) | 0.008 | 0.003 | −0.07 (−1.88 to 1.74) | 0.004 | −0.001 | 0.76 (−0.30 to 1.83) | 0.004 | −0.001 | 1.02 (−0.66 to 2.71) | 0.008 | 0.003 | 1.81 ** (0.46 to 3.16) |
| Primary school | 8 (0.7) | −1.07 *(−2.09 to −0.06) | −0.11 (−0.71 to 0.49) | −0.10 (−1.05 to 0.84) | −0.07 (−0.82 to 0.69) | ||||||||
| Lower secondary school | 55 (4.5) | 0.21 (−0.42 to 0.84) | 0.20 (−0.17 to 0.57) | 0.38 (−0.21 to 0.96) | 0.41 (−0.06 to 0.88) | ||||||||
| Upper secondary school | 81 (6.7) | 0.01 (−0.59 to 0.61) | 0.16 (−0.20 to 0.51) | 0.36 (−0.19 to 0.92) | 0.34 (−0.11 to 0.79) | ||||||||
| University—Bachelors | 805 (66.5) | 0.19 (−0.35 to 0.73) | 0.21 (−0.11 to 0.53) | 0.32 (−0.18 to 0.82) | 0.35 (−0.05 to 0.75) | ||||||||
| University—Masters | 238 (19.7) | 0.14 (−0.42 to 0.69) | 0.18 (−0.15 to 0.51) | 0.24 (−0.28 to 0.76) | 0.33 (−0.09 to 0.74) | ||||||||
| University—Doctorate | 21 (1.7) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.