Table 3.

Hydrogel made from the OPEFB cellulose and its potential applications.

Materials	Potential Applications	References
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from OPEFB, stalks and spikelet	Spikelet MCC—biocomposite Stalk MCC—food and pharmaceutical products	[133]
OPEFB cellulose + NaOH/urea solvent + sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC)	Tissue engineering and medium for controlled/slow release fertilizer	[134]
OPEFB cellulose + NaOH/urea solvent + NaCMC	Alternative medium for constant water supply for plants	[24]
OPEFB + graphene oxide (GO)	Thermal insulating	[135]