Table 1.
Clinical studies of asprosin
| Disease | Study | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | Duerrschmid et al. Asprosin is a centrally acting orexigenic hormone (9) | Obese humans and mice have elevated levels of asprosin. |
| Obesity, bariatric surgery | Wang et al. Serum asprosin levels and bariatric surgery outcomes in obese adults (33) | Amount of circulating asprosin prebariatric surgery is directly related to amount of weight loss seen 6 months post-surgery. |
| Obesity | Wang et al. Serum asprosin concentrations are increased and associated with insulin resistance in children with obesity (32) | Serum asprosin levels are significantly elevated in obese children compared with lean controls. Serum asprosin is positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, HOMA insulin resistance, leptin to adiponectin ratio, and TNF-α independent of BMI and age. |
| Obesity | Ugur and Aydin. Saliva and blood asprosin hormone concentration associated with obesity (17) | Blood and saliva asprosin levels increase with an increase in BMI. Saliva asprosin levels were ∼threefold higher in class I obesity, ∼fivefold higher in class II obesity, and ∼sixfold higher in class III obesity. |
| Obesity | Long et al. Decreased circulating levels of asprosin in obese children (30) | Fasting asprosin levels were lower in obese children than in normal weight children. Asprosin levels were lower in boys than in girls in the obese group. This is not consistent with previous studies. |
| Obesity | Sunnetci Silistre and Hatipoglu. Increased serum circulating asprosin levels in children with obesity (31) | Asprosin levels are significantly higher in obese children compared to normal weight children. |
| Exercise | Wiecek et al. Acute anaerobic exercise affects the secretion of asprosin, irisin, and other cytokines – a comparison between sexes (37) | Acute anaerobic exercise induced an increase in asprosin secretion in women. |
| Type 2 diabetes | Zhang et al. Circulating asprosin concentrations are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and independently associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride (18) | Asprosin levels are significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. |
| Type 2 diabetes | Wang et al. Plasma asprosin concentrations are increased in individuals with glucose dysregulation and correlated with insulin resistance and first-phase insulin secretion (19) | Plasma asprosin concentration is positively correlated with patient waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, impaired glucose regulation, type 2 diabetes, and HOMA for insulin resistance. |
| PCOS | Alan et al. Asprosin: a novel peptide hormone related to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (20) | Patients with PCOS have higher levels of circulating asprosin, and plasma asprosin levels are positively correlated with insulin resistance, BMI, and free androgen index. |
| PCOS | Li et al. Plasma asprosin levels are associated with glucose metabolism, lipid, and sex hormone profiles in females with metabolic related diseases (21) | Asprosin is higher in patients with PCOS compared with healthy female patients but still lower than female patients with type 2 diabetes. Asprosin levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, HOMA for insulin resistance, LDL cholesterol/apoB, apoplipoprotein E, and testosterone. Asprosin is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes or PCOS. |
| Pathological pregnancies | Baykus et al. Asprosin in umbilical cord of newborns and maternal blood of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation and macrosemic fetus (38) | Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, and macrosemic fetuses have significantly higher asprosin levels compared with healthy pregnant women, while women with intrauterine growth retardation have significantly decreased levels of asprosin. |
| Acute coronary syndrome | Acara et al. A novel biochemical marker for predicting the severity of ACS with unstable angina pectoris: asprosin (39) | Asprosin is a marker for unstable angina pectoris and the severity of acute coronary syndrome. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | Hu et al. Increased plasma asprosin levels in patients with drug-naive anorexia nervosa (40) | Elevated plasma asprosin concentration in patients with anorexia nervosa in response to starvation is associated with an interoceptive deficit. Plasma asprosin levels are negatively correlated with the duration of the illness. High asprosin levels may also contribute to bulimia. |