Table 3.

Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations during measurement of EGP with dapagliflozin, with dapagliflozin plus glucose clamp, and with dapagliflozin plus pancreatic clamp versus placebo

	Insulin (µU/mL)				Glucagon (ng/mL)
	Baseline	Last hour	P value	∆Insulin	Baseline	Last hour	P value	∆Glucagon
EGP
Dapagliflozin	15 ± 2	10 ± 1	<0.0001	5 ± 1*	57 ± 5	62 ± 6	0.03	+5 ± 2*
Placebo	12 ± 2	9 ± 1	0.02	3 ± 1	57 ± 6	56 ± 7	NS	−1 ± 2
Glucose clamp
Dapagliflozin	17 ± 2	17 ± 2	NS	0 ± 1	61 ± 4	55 ± 4	0.001	−6 ± 2
Placebo	14 ± 2	14 ± 2	NS	0 ± 1	63 ± 10	56 ± 8	0.02	−7 ± 3
Pancreatic clamp
Dapagliflozin	12 ± 1	10 ± 1	0.002	2 ± 1	42 ± 3	41 ± 3	NS	−1 ± 1
Placebo	9 ± 1	9 ± 1	NS	0 ± 1	37 ± 4	35 ± 4	NS	−2 ± 2

∆Glucagon, plasma glucagon level at baseline minus last hour of the study; ∆Insulin, plasma insulin level at baseline minus last hour of the study.

^*P < 0.05 vs. placebo.