Table 4.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of associations of sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health, major depressive episode, and substance use with pain relief (versus all other reasons) as the main reason for prescription opioid misuse among adolescents 12–17 years of age, United States: 2015–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Sex
Male	1.0
Female	1.3 (0.8–2.0)
Race and ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	1.0
Black, non-Hispanic	1.3 (0.8–2.2)
Hispanic	1.0 (0.7–1.6)
Other, non-Hispanic	0.7 (0.4–1.3)
Total family income
Less than $20,000	1.0
$20,000 - $49,999	1.2 (0.6–2.2)
$50,000 - $74,999	0.8 (0.4–1.4)
$75,000 or More	1.0 (0.6–1.6)
Self-reported overall health
Excellent	1.0
Very Good	0.9 (0.6–1.4)
Good	0.8 (0.6–1.2)
Fair/Poor	0.7 (0.3–1.6)
Major depressive episode
No	1.0
Yes	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Any history of substance use
No	1.0
Yes	0.3 (0.2–0.4) ***

^*(p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001).