Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants (n=1868)
| Characteristic | Mean (SD)/Percent (n) |
|---|---|
| Age (years, M [SD]) | 64.7 (9.8) |
| Female (% [n]) | 50.3 (940) |
| Ethnicity (% [n]) | |
| White | 40.0 (747) |
| Chinese American | 13.2 (247) |
| African American | 21.1 (394) |
| Hispanic | 25.7 (480) |
| Ever Smoker (% [n]) | 54.0 (1008) |
| Dyslipidemia (% [n]) | 37.6 (702) |
| Diabetes (% [n]) | 13.7 (256) |
| Hypertension (% [n]) | 46.7 (872) |
| Taking lipid lowering medications (% [n]) | 24.1 (451) |
| Body Composition | |
| BMI (M [SD]) | 28.0 (5.1) |
| Subcutaneous fat area (cm2, M [SD]) | 253.7 (117.4) |
| Visceral fat area (cm2, M [SD]) | 145.7 (67.9) |
| Abdominal muscle area (cm2, M [SD]) | 98.3 (27.6) |
| Stability muscle area (cm2, M [SD]) | 74.6 (21.8) |
| Locomotor muscle area (cm2, M [SD]) | 23.7 (7.4) |
| Abdominal muscle density (HU, M [SD]) | 42.2 (5.5) |
| Stability muscle density (HU, M [SD]) | 39.6 (6.1) |
| Locomotor muscle density (HU, M [SD]) | 50.3 (5.2) |
| Activity Levels | |
| Sedentary Behavior (min·wk−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 1470 (1455) |
| MVPA (MET-min·wk−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 3600 (4549) |
| Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg, M [SD]) | 124 (21) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg, M [SD]) | 70 (10) |
| Triglycerides (mg·dL−1, M [SD]) | 126.8 (66.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mg·dL−1, M [SD]) | 189.3 (35.2) |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg·dL−1, M [SD]) | 51.8 (15.1) |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg·dL−1, M [SD]) | 112.0 (31.3) |
| Very low-density lipoprotein (mg·dL−1, M [SD]) | 26.4 (16.4) |
| Non-high-density lipoprotein (mg·dL−1, M [SD]) | 138.0 (35.5) |
| Total to HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.9 (1.2) |
| Inflammatory Markers | |
| C-reactive protein (mg·L−1, Mdn [IQR] | 1.5 (2.6) |
| Adiponectin (μg·mL−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 17.5 (14.6) |
| Leptin (ng·mL−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 13.2 (22.5) |
| Resistin (ng·mL−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 15.0 (7.2) |
| Interleukin-6 (pg·mL−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 1.8 (1.7) |
| TNF-α (pg·mL−1, Mdn [IQR]) | 4.6 (2.9) |
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; %, percent; n, sample size; Mdn, median; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; HU, Hounsfield units; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; MET, metabolic equivalents; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha. Note: SI conversion factors: To convert glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides to mmol·L−1, multiply values by 0.0555, 0.0259, and 0.0113, respectively. To convert C-reactive protein to nmol·L−1, multiply values by 9.524.