Table 1.

Demographics and baseline imaging features of the participants

	NC (SD) (n=230)	MCI (SD) (n = 399)	AD (SD) (n = 193)	p-value
				NC vs. MCI vs. AD	NC vs. MCI	NC vs. AD	MCI vs. AD
Age (years)	76.12 ± 5.02	74.94 ± 7.48	75.53 ± 7.48	0.470a
Female (%)	48	35	47	0.003b	<0.001	0.760	0.001
Education (years)	16.03 ± 2.85	15.67 ± 3.04	14.71 ± 3.13	<0.001a	0.523	<0.001	0.001
Follow-up (months)	34.36±12.04	24.78 ± 12.50	17.56 ± 8.95
APOE4* (%)	2.6%	11.8%	18.7%	< 0.001b	< 0.001	<0.001	0.001
ADAS-Cog13	9.49 ± 4.23	18.65 ± 6.27	28.90 ± 7.64	<0.001a	< 0.001	<0.001	< 0.001
ASAS-Cog11	6.19 ± 2.94	11.52 ± 4.43	18.62 ± 6.31	<0.001a	< 0.001	<0.001	< 0.001
Intracranial volume**	152.04 ± 17.83	156.35 ± 19.71	155.17 ± 21.65	0.049a	0.046	1.000	0.655
Raw cerebellar volume**	12.11 ± 1.22	12.22 ± 1.36	11.93 ± 1.29	0.052a
Cerebellar volume#***	8.02 ± 0.82	7.87 ± 0.83	7.77 ± 0.93	0.007c	0.081	0.005	0.450
Raw hippocampal volume**	0.73 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.11	0.58 ± 0.10	<0.001a	< 0.001	<0.001	< 0.001
Hippocampal volume##***	0.48 ± 0.06	0.42 ± 0.07	0.38 ± 0.07	<0.001a	< 0.001	<0.001	< 0.001

APOE: Apolipoprotein E gene; ADAS-Cog = Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; MMSE = mini-mental stats examination; ICV = intracranial cerebral volume; NC = normal cognition, MCI = minimal cognitive impairment, AD = Alzheimer’s disease

^*One or two copies of E4

^**Units: 10⁻⁴ mm³

^#cerebellar volume / intracranial volume

^##hippocampal volume / intracranial volume

^***original value × 10², representing as the percentage of the intracranial volume

^aKruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA

^bChi-square test

^cOne-way ANOVA