Table 5.

Evidence of Adverse Effects on the Trail Making Test in Studies of Chlorpyrifos-Exposed Adult and Adolescent Samples and Correlations of Trail Making Results with Biomarkers.

Study	Age of sample (y)	Exposure of C v. E	Deficit on A	Deficit on B	Correl. with TCPy	Correl. with AChE	Correl. with BuChE
Present	48–54	TCPy: 5.5–6.3 (C) v. 12 (T&E) v. 21 μg/g creat. (A) BuChE: 0.86 (A) v. 0.94 (T&E) U/ml *	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Farahat et al. (2003)	42	AChE: 108 v. 87 U/ml	Yes	Yes	•	No	•
Abdel Rasoul et al. (2008)	9–18	AChE: 283 v. 240 IU/L	Yes	Yes	•	Yes	•
Rohlman et al. (2016)	16–17	TCPy:<1559 (C) v. > 1.6 ng/g creat.	Yes	Yes	•	•	•
Ismail et al. (2017a)	15	No comparisons	•	•	Yes (B)	Yes (A)	No
Ismail et al. (2017b)	15	33–42 % of applicators had BuChE depression vs. 5–13 % of non-applicators	No	Yes	•	•	Yes

Notes: C= control; T = technician; E =engineer; A =applicator.

“•” indicates tests were not reported in the article. Data rounded to nearest whole number to facilitate visual inspection of the results.

^*No difference in AChE between applicators and technicians or engineers. 2017^a = JTEH article. 2017^b = PLOSone article. Creat. = creatinine