Table 3.

Major Communication Wireless Protocols Characteristics.

Feature	Wi-Fi	Bluetooth	ZigBee	LoRa	SigFox	NB-IoT
Data Rate (kbps)	11 × 103	1 × 103	250	110	1 × 10−3	250
Frequency (GHz)	2.4	2.4	2.4	0.868	0.868	1.8
Range (m)	1–100	10–100	10–100	5000	10,000	1000
Nodes/Master	32	7	65,540	15,000	-	-
Power Consumption $V_{IN}$ = 3.3 V [mA]	100–350	1–35	1–10	1–10	1–10	1–100
Security	WPA/WPA2	128 bit	128 bit	128 bit	-	128 bit