Table 1.

The optimum parameters for the label-free DNA biosensor.

Parameters	Optimum Amount
Amount of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)	0.08 mg
Amount of hollow silica microspheres (HSMs)	0.04 mg
DNA probe concentration	2 µM
Types of buffer	Sodium phosphate
Sodium phosphate buffer pH	pH 7
Sodium phosphate buffer concentration	0.06 M
Ionic strength	0.6 M
DNA probe immobilization time	5 h
Hybridization time	1 h