Table 3.

Comparison between the constructed biosensor with the other biosensors using the impedimetric technique. LOD, limit of detection.

DNA Immobilization Matrix	Virus/Bacteria	Linear Range (M)	Sensitivity (Ω/log M)	LOD (M)	R2	Reference
Gold nanoparticles and hollow silica particles	E. coli	1 × 10−16–1 × 10−11	10.994	1.95 × 10−21	0.9821	This study
Graphene	E. coli	1 × 10−14–1 × 10−10	2238.6	0.7 × 10−15	0.9938	[12]
Nanoporous alumina membrane	Dengue	1 × 10−12–1 × 10−6	31.75	2.7 × 10−12	0.96	[10]
Gold nanoparticles	Chitin enzyme gene	1.52 × 10−10–4.05 × 10−8	nA	1.0 × 10−10	0.9956	[51]
Gold nanoparticles and dual-layer, two-dimensional 3-mercaptopropyltrimetoxilane	oligonucleotide	1 × 10−6–1 × 10−8	nA	5 × 10−9	0.9962	[16]