Table 2.
Comparisons of reported biosensors and their sensing characteristics towards CEA.
| No. | Detection Method | Electrode | Fabrication Method | Linear Range (ng·mL−1) |
LOD (ng·mL−1) |
Cost | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commercial ECLIA | Ion selective electrode | - | 0.2–1000 | 0.2 | Very High | [10] |
| 2 | SAW with immunoassay | LiTaO3 substrate | Micromachining | 1–12 | 1.25 | High | [11] |
| 3 | Amperometry with immunoassay | PEDOT:PSS/RGO modified Whatman paper 1 | Dip coating | 2–8 | - | Low | [31] |
| 4 | ECL with aptamer | glassy carbon electrode | Surface modification | 0.01–10.0 | 0.0038 | Moderate | [29] |
| 5 | DPV with aptamer | Whatman paper 1; gold electrode | Wax printing and screen-printing; surface modification | 0.01–500; 5–40 | 0.002; 3.4 | Low | [15,30] |
| 6 | UC- FRET with aptamer | Employing upconversion phosphors | Chemical synthesis | 0.1–40 | 0.1 | high | [32] |
| 7 | EIS with immunoassay | PEDOT:PSS modified Whatman paper No. 1 | Dip coating | 1–25 | 2.68 | Low | [14] |
| 8 | EIS with aptamer | Graphene-PEDOT:PSS modified Whatman paper No. 3 | Spinning coating and dip coating | 0.77–14 | 0.45 | Low | This work |
Surface acoustic wave (SAW), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer (UC-FRET).