Table 1.
Ultrasound parameters for novel contrast agents.
| Contrast Agent | Ref. | Transducer | Cent. Freq. | Intensity (W/cm2) | Duty Cycle (%) | PRF | MI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeted MBs | [45,82,83,84,86] | Therapeutic US Device (Dongjian Company, Wuhan, China); V302 Panametrics-NDT (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan); P4-2, Philips HDI 5000 (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands); Timi3 Systems (Timi3 Systems, Santa Clara, CA, USA); Custom prototype 10 PZT disks (Fuji Ceramics, Tokyo, Japan) |
27 kHz–2 MHz | 1.4–1.2 | 5–50 | 25–150 Hz | 1.2–3.2 |
| Loaded MBs | [87,88,89,90,91,92] | Custom H160 single element transducer (Sonic Concepts, Inc., Woodburn, WA, USA); Therapeutic US Device (Dongjian Company, Peijing, China); 8L-RS, Vivid i (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) |
120 kHz–5.7 MHz | 0.5–2.79 | 50–100 | 1.7–5 kHz | - |
| Targeted and Loaded MBs | [93,94,95] | CSY-2 (Puji, Chongqing, China); LA240 (Yum Mylab 90, Yum Mylab, Italy) |
1.6–2.8 MHz | 1.8 | 95 | - | 1.4 |
| Magnetic MBs | [99,100] | Custom single element transducer (Sonic Concepts, Inc., Woodburn, WA, USA); Custom prototype 6 PZT-5A thin plates |
500–620 kHz | - | 1.6–10 | 0.2 Hz | - |
Abbreviations: PRF—Pulse Repetition Frequency, MI—Mechanical Index, MBs—Microbubbles.