| APTES | 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane solution |
| DI | Deionized |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| LPFG | long-period fiber grating |
| OSA | optical spectrum analyzer |
| PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
| PM | polarization maintaining |
| PNA | peptide nucleic acid |
| SEM | scanning electron microscope |
| SLD | superluminescent diode |
| SMF | single-mode fiber |
| SPR | surface plasmon resonance |
| TFBG | tilted fiber Bragg grating |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
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