Table 5.

Medicinal plants used for the treatment of human diseases: local name, scientific name, disease treated, part(s) used, dosage form, method of preparation, administration route, duration of use, and sources of medicinal plants where it is collected.

Local name (Amharic)	Scientific name	Disease treated	Parts used	Dosage form	Method of preparation, route, frequency of administration, and duration of use	Source of plant
Adirqit		Burn	Leaf	Solid	Squeezing juice and apply topically once daily for seven days	Garden
Anfar	Buddleja polystacha	Goiter	Leaf	Liquid	Maceration taken orally as a single dose	Wild plant
Anfar	Buddleja polystacha	Infected wound	Root	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with butter, and insert under the skin; leave for one week and remove	Wild plant
Anfar	Buddleja polystacha	Malaria	Root	Liquid	Maceration/decoction taken orally once daily for seven days	Wild plant
Astenagir	Datura stramonium	Fungal infection	Leaf	Liquid	Squeeze juice and apply topically on the affected area once daily until healed	Wild plant
Atuch	Verbena officinalis	Chest pain	Leaf	Liquid	Prepare as tea, taken orally as a single dose	Wild plant
Azohareg	Clemantis hirsuta	Cutaneous leishmaniasis	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with butter, and apply topically once daily for two days	Wild plant
NechBahirzaf	Eucalpytus globulus	Cold	Leaf	Gaseous	Boil with water, cover the body with clothing, and inhale the vapor once daily for two days	Garden
Bisana	Croton macrostachyus	Herpes zoster	Bark	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with butter, and apply topically once daily for seven days	Garden
Bisana	Croton macrostachyus	Malaria	Leaf	Liquid	Macerate with water; take two doses orally for one day	Garden
Bisana	Croton macrostachyus	Infected wound	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with honey, and apply topically once daily for seven day	Garden
Bisana	Croton macrostachyus	Fungal infection	Leaf	Liquid	Cut the base of the leaf; apply topically the watery fluid once daily until healed	Garden
Buna	Coffea arabica	Infected wound	Fruit	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with water, and apply topically once daily until healed	Market
Buna	Coffea arabica	Cough	Leaf	Solid	Chew fresh leaves once daily until cough disappears	Garden
Chegogot	Alternana theranodiflora	Liver disease	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, boil in water, and inhale vapor once daily for seven days	Wild plant
Chifirig	Gomphocarpus stenophylus	Impotence	Root	Liquid	Maceration, taken orally once daily for seven days	Wild plant
DamaKese	Ocimum lamiifolium	Cold, mich, and tonsillitis	Leaf	Liquid	Maceration/decoction, taken orally once daily until improved	Garden/field
DamaKese	Ocimum lamiifolium	Fungal infection	Leaf	Liquid	Squeeze juice and apply topically once daily 7 days	Garden/field
Digita	Calpurnia aurea	Malaria and infected wound	Leaf	Liquid	Maceration, taken orally once daily for seven days	Garden/Field
Duba	Proteagaguedi	Tapeworm	Seed	Solid	Roasting, taken orally as single dose	Garden
Enbacho	Rumex nervosus	Haemorrhoid	Stem	Solid	Grinding to powder, mix with butter and apply topically once daily until heal	Wild plant
Enbacho	Rumex nervosus	Burn and scabies	Leaf	Solid	Grinding to powder, mix with butter and apply topically once daily until heal	Wild plant
Enbuay	Solanum incanum	Myoscitis (lifi)	Leaf	Solid	Grinding to powder, mix with butter and apply topically once daily until heal	Wild plant
Endod	Phytolaca dodecandra	Malaria	Root	Liquid	Maceration, taken two doses orally for one day	Wild plant
Endod	Phytolaca dodecandra	Abortion	Leaf	Liquid	Maceration, taken single dose orally	Wild plant
Endod	Phytolaca dodecandra	Cough	Root	Liquid	Prepare as tea taken orally 2x/day for two days	Wild plant
Endod	Phytolaca dodecandra	Liver disease	Leaf	Solid	Grinding to powder, boil in water inhale once daily for 7 days	Wild plant
Enqoqo	Embelia schimperi	Tapeworm	Seed	Liquid	Grinding to powder, mixed with beer taken orally as single dose	Garden
Eret	Aloe pulcherrima	Abdominal cramp	Stem	Liquid	Maceration, taken single dose orally maceration	Wild plant
Feto	Lepidium sativum	Abdominal cramp	Seed	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with injera, and consume once	Garden
Gesho	Rhamnus prinoides	Tonsillitis	Leaf, fruit	Liquid	Maceration, taken single dose orally	Garden
Gibto	Lupinus albus	Hypertension	Seed	Solid	Roast, soak in water, and mix with pepper and consume 2x/day as needed	Garden
Gimero	Cappartus tomentosa	Infected wound	Root	Solid	Grinding to powder, mix with butter and apply topically once daily for 7 days	Garden
Girawa	Vernonia amygdalina	Liver disease	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, boil in water, and inhale vapor once daily for seven days	Wild plant
Gorjejit	Hygrophila schulli	Infected wound	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with butter, and apply topically once daily until healed	Wild plant
Gorteb	Plantago lanceolata	Infected wound	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with butter, and apply topically once daily until healed	Wild plant
Haregresa	Zehner iascarba	Rabies, michi and joint pain	Leaf	Liquid	Prepare as tea; take orally as a single dose	Garden
Haregresa	Zehneria scarba	Fungal infection	Leaf	Liquid	Squeeze juice and apply topically once daily until healed	Wild plant
Kebericho	Echnopskebericho	Malaria	Root	Liquid	Maceration; take orally once daily for seven days	Wild plant
Kutintina		Abdominal cramp	Root	Solid	Chewing fresh root as single dose to relieve the symptom	Garden
Lomi	Citrus aurantifolia	Scabies	Fruit	Liquid	Squeeze juice and apply topically once daily until healed	Garden
Mekimeko	Rumex abyssinicus	Diarrhea	Root	Liquid	Maceration; take orally once daily until healed	Wild plant
Nech shinkurit	Allium sativum	Cold, gastritis, malaria	Bulb	Solid	Chop into pieces and take orally once daily for seven days	Garden
Qil		Chest pain	Leaf	Gaseous	Boil in water and inhale vapor once daily for three days	Garden
Quandiro		Infected wound	Bark	Solid	Grind into powder and apply topically once daily until healed	Wild plant
Senafich	Brassica nigra	Cold	Seed	Solid	Grind into powder, boil in water, and inhale vapor	Garden
Simiza	Justicias chimperiana	Liver disease	Leaf	Liquid	Maceration with water and take orally 3x/day for weeks	Garden
Tenadam	Ruta chalepensis	Cold	Leaf	Liquid	Prepare as tea and take orally as needed	Garden
Tinbaho	Nicotiana tabacum	Toothache	Leaf	Gaseous	Boil in water and inhale vapor at the evening until improvement	Wild plant
Tinjut	Otostega integrifolia	Abdominal cramp	Root	Solid	Chewing the root as needed	Wild plant
Tinjut	Otostega integrifolia	Lemich	Leaf	Gaseous	Put on fire and fumigate daily for three days	Wild plant
Tosign	Satureja punctata	Hypertension and cold	Leaf	Liquid	Prepare as tea and taken orally as needed	Garden
Wanza	Cordia africana	Burn	Leaf	Solid	Grinding into powder, mix with butter, and apply topically once daily until healed	Garden
Wanza	Cordia africana	Diarrhea	Root bark	Liquid	Maceration and take orally once daily until healed	Garden
Wonberet		Tenea capitis	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder, mix with butter, and apply topically once daily until healed	Wild plant
Wonberet		Infected wound	Leaf	Solid	Grind into powder and apply topically once daily until healed	Wild plant
Yeberemilas		Abdominal cramp	Root	Liquid	Maceration and take orally as single dose	Wild plant
Yemidirenbuay	Solanum anguivi	Abdominal cramp and malaria	Root	Liquid	Maceration and take orally as single dose	Garden
Zinjibil	Zingiber officinale	Abdominal cramp	Rhizome	Solid	Chewing and swallowing the juice as needed	Market