Table I.
Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Non-institutionalized Children Aged 0–17 in the United States from 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Generation Households using the 2011–2012 NSCH (N = 90,417)
| 1st generation n = 1,731 % (SE) |
2nd generation n = 14,095 % (SE) |
3rd generation n = 74,591 % (SE) |
Pearson Χ2 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children with Special Health Care Needs | 7.5 (1.5) | 11.8 (0.6) | 22.6 (0.3) | p < 0.0001 |
| Number of Chronic Conditions | ||||
| None | 88.5 (1.6) | 84.8 (0.7) | 73.7 (0.4) | p < 0.0001 |
| One | 7.2 (1.0) | 10.1 (0.6) | 15.3 (0.3) | |
| Two or moreb | 4.4 (1.3) | 5.1 (0.4) | 11.0 (0.2) | |
| Sex of child | ||||
| Female | 45.2 (2.6) | 49.0 (0.9) | 49.1 (0.4) | p = 0.2214 |
| Male | 54.8 (2.6) | 52.0 (0.9) | 50.9 (0.4) | |
| Age of child (yrs) | ||||
| 0 – 5 | 9.7 (1.2) | 39.1 (0.9) | 32.1 (0.4) | p < 0.0001 |
| 6 – 11 | 34.3 (2.5) | 33.1 (0.9) | 33.1 (0.4) | |
| 12 – 17 | 56.1 (2.6) | 27.8 (0.8) | 34.8 (0.4) | |
| Child’s Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Latino | 8.7 (1.0) | 15.3 (0.5) | 67.0 (0.4) | p < 0.0001 |
| Black, non-Latino | 9.1 (1.2) | 7.5 (0.4) | 14.7 (0.3) | |
| Multi-racial/other, non-Latino | 23.0 (2.3) | 18.0 (0.7) | 7.3 (0.2) | |
| Latino | 59.2 (2.5) | 59.1 (0.9) | 11.0 (0.3) | |
| Child’s Insurance Status | ||||
| Insured | 74.0 (2.2) | 93.0 (0.5) | 96.0 (0.2) | p < 0.0001 |
| Not Insured | 26.0 (2.2) | 7.0 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.2) | |
| Primary Household Language | ||||
| English | 22.5 (2.1) | 47.4 (0.9) | 98.9 (0.1) | p < 0.0001 |
| Spanish or other | 77.5 (2.1) | 52.6 (0.9) | 1.2 (0.1) | |
| Highest Education in Child’s Household | ||||
| Less than high school | 32.7 (2.6) | 26.3 (0.9) | 11.3 (0.3) | p < 0.0001 |
| High school graduate or GED completed | 20.7 (2.1) | 21.7 (0.8) | 19.8 (0.3) | |
| Post-high school education | 46.6 (2.6) | 52.0 (1.0) | 68.9 (0.4) | |
| Household Income Relative to Federal Poverty Level, % | a | a | a | |
| ≤100 | 43.0 (2.6) | 33.3 (0.9) | 17.5 (0.3) | p < 0.0001 |
| 101 – 200 | 25.9 (2.4) | 24.4 (0.9) | 20.3 (0.3) | |
| 201 – 399 | 15.3 (1.8) | 19.6 (0.7) | 31.9 (0.4) | |
| ≥400 | 15.7 (1.8) | 22.8 (0.7) | 30.4 (0.3) |
a
Percentiles were calculated using singly imputed income data and survey weights.
b
Among children with 2+ chronic conditions, the average number of diagnosed conditions was comparable for children from 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation households (3.45, 3.40, and 3.36, respectively).
NSCH = National Survey of Children’s Health SE = Standard Error