Table 3. Nutrition Environment Measures Survey Scores for Food Outlets (N = 266) by Class and Subclass of Food Outlet, Delta Food Outlets Study, 2016–2018.
| Class or Subclass of Food Outlet and Type of Scale | Possible Score Range | No. of Outlets | Original Score |
Ratio Score, Least Squares Mean (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Minimum–Maximum | ||||
| Total | |||||
| Class | |||||
| Grocery store | −10 to 57 | 11 | 30.5 (7.5) | 22 to 41 | 0.54 (0.47 to 0.60)b |
| Convenience store | −9 to 57 | 86 | 8.1 (3.2) | 2 to 14 | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.19)c |
| Full-service restaurant | −7 to 27 | 50 | 5.6 (3.5) | −2 to 18 | 0.21 (0.18 to 0.24)c |
| Fast food restaurant | −7 to 27 | 119 | 3.9 (4.0) | −2 to 19 | 0.08 (0.05 to 0.12)d |
| Convenience store subclass | |||||
| Corner store | −9 to 57 | 21 | 6.6 (2.9) | 2 to 14 | 0.12 (0.07 to 0.16)b |
| Gas station | −9 to 57 | 40 | 7.2 (2.8) | 2 to 14 | 0.13 (0.09 to 0.16)b |
| National chain dollar store | −9 to 57 | 21 | 10.7 (2.3) | 4 to 14 | 0.19 (0.14 to 0.24)b |
| National chain pharmacy | −9 to 57 | 4 | 12.0 (2.5) | 9 to 14 | 0.21 (0.10 to 0.32)b |
| Fast food subclass | |||||
| Restaurant stand-alone | −7 to 27 | 81 | 5.2 (4.1) | −1 to 19 | 0.19 (0.17 to 0.22)b |
| Grocery store delicatessene | −7 to 27 | 8 | 1.8 (1.9) | −1 to 5 | 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.14)c |
| Corner storef | −7 to 27 | 5 | 0.8 (1.9) | −1 to 4 | 0.03 (−0.07 to 0.13)c |
| Gas stationf | −7 to 27 | 25 | 1.0 (1.8) | −2 to 5 | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.08)c |
|
| |||||
| Type of Scale | |||||
| Availability scale | |||||
| Grocery store | 0 to 31 | 11 | 19.6 (5.7) | 12 to 28 | 0.63 (0.58 to 0.68)b |
| Convenience store | 0 to 31 | 86 | 5.6 (3.0) | 1 to 11 | 0.21 (0.19 to 0.23)c |
| Convenience store subclass | |||||
| Corner store | 0 to 31 | 21 | 3.9 (1.5) | 1 to 8 | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.15)b |
| Gas station | 0 to 31 | 40 | 4.1 (1.5) | 1 to 7 | 0.13 (0.11 to 0.15)b |
| National chain dollar store | 0 to 31 | 21 | 9.6 (1.8) | 4 to 11 | 0.31 (0.28 to 0.35)c |
| National chain pharmacy | 0 to 31 | 4 | 10.0 (1.4) | 8 to 11 | 0.32 (0.25 to 0.41)c |
| Price scale | |||||
| Grocery store | −10 to 20 | 11 | 5.0 (3.5) | −1 to 9 | 0.25 (0.20 to 0.30)b |
| Convenience store | −9 to 20 | 86 | 2.3 (1.6) | −2 to 5 | 0.10 (0.08 to 0.13)c |
| Convenience store subclass | |||||
| Corner store | −9 to 20 | 21 | 2.3 (1.9) | 0 to 4 | 0.11 (0.08 to 0.15)b , c |
| Gas station | −9 to 20 | 40 | 2.9 (1.3) | 0 to 5 | 0.14 (0.12 to 0.17)b |
| National chain dollar store | −9 to 20 | 21 | 1.1 (1.5) | −1 to 4 | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.09)c |
| National chain pharmacy | −9 to 20 | 4 | 2.0 (2.7) | −2 to 4 | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.19)b , c |
| Healthful options scale | |||||
| Full-service restaurant | 0 to 17 | 50 | 5.5 (2.7) | 1 to 14 | 0.32 (0.28 to 0.37)b |
| Fast food restaurant | 0 to 17 | 119 | 3.7 (3.1) | 0 to 12 | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.18)c |
| Fast food subclass | |||||
| Restaurant stand-alone | 0 to 17 | 81 | 4.8 (3.1) | 0 to 12 | 0.28 (0.25 to 0.32)b |
| Grocery store delicatessene | 0 to 17 | 8 | 1.8 (1.2) | 0 to 3 | 0.10 (−0.01 to 0.21)c |
| Corner storef | 0 to 17 | 5 | 0.8 (1.3) | 0 to 3 | 0.05 (−0.03 to 0.19)c |
| Gas stationf | 0 to 17 | 25 | 1.4 (1.4) | 0 to 5 | 0.08 (0.02 to 0.14)c |
| Facilitators for healthful eating scale g | |||||
| Full-service restaurant | 0 to 10 | 50 | 0.7 (1.1) | 0 to 6 | — |
| Fast food restaurant | 0 to 10 | 119 | 0.9 (1.3) | 0 to 7 | — |
| Fast food subclass | |||||
| Restaurant stand-alone | 0 to 10 | 81 | 1.2 (1.5) | 0 to 7 | — |
| Grocery store delicatessene | 0 to 10 | 8 | 0.4 (0.7) | 0 to 2 | — |
| Corner storef | 0 to 10 | 5 | 0.2 (0.5) | 0 to 1 | — |
| Gas stationf | 0 to 10 | 25 | 0.5 (0.1) | 0 to 2 | — |
| Barriers to healthful eating scale g | |||||
| Full-service restaurant | −7 to 0 | 50 | −0.5 (0.8) | −3 to 0 | — |
| Fast food restaurant | −7 to 0 | 119 | −0.7 (0.9) | −3 to 0 | — |
| Fast food subclass | |||||
| Restaurant stand-alone | −7 to 0 | 81 | −0.7 (1.0) | −3 to 0 | — |
| Grocery store delicatessene | −7 to 0 | 8 | −0.4 (0.5) | −1 to 0 | — |
| Corner storef | −7 to 0 | 5 | −0.2 (0.5) | −1 to 0 | — |
| Gas stationf | −7 to 0 | 25 | −0.8 (0.8) | −2 to 0 | — |
| Children’s menu scale h | |||||
| Full-service restaurant | −3 to 9 | 26 | 0.0 (1.4) | −1 to 4 | 0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07)b |
| Fast food restaurant | −3 to 9 | 41 | 1.8 (1.7) | −2 to 5 | 0.20 (0.14 to 0.25)c |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.
Nutrition Environment Measures Survey scores were translated into ratio scores by dividing the score for each food outlet by the maximum score possible. Least squares means and associated 95% confidence intervals were computed from the general linear models used to test for significant differences among classes and subclasses of food outlets.
Food outlet classes or subclasses with different letters are significantly different from one another at P < .003 based on general linear model results. Food outlet classes or subclasses with the same letters are not significantly different from one another.
Dual classification as grocery store.
Dual classification as convenience store.
Differences in ratio score among classes and subclasses were not significant.
None of the fast food restaurant subclasses had children’s menus except stand-alone restaurants.