Table 2.
Comparisons of module-dependent EndoSim metrics between trainees (stratified into novice and intermediate experience groups) and faculty members
| Module | Metric |
Median (IQR) |
P value (Expert vs trainee) |
Median (IQR) |
P value (Novice vs intermediate) | ||
| Expert (n =6) | Trainee (n = 20) | Novice trainee (n = 10) | Intermediate trainee (n = 10) | ||||
| Module 1: Wheel Handling (4 stations) | Missed targets | 3 (1-4) | 6 (3-8) | < 0.001 | 7 (4-9) | 6 (2-8) | 0.057 |
| Wheel rotation left/right (Degrees) | 257 (42-382) | 143 (5-591) | 0.463 | 82 (1-643) | 166 (9-575) | 0.753 | |
| Wheel rotation up/down (Degrees) | 783 (691-916) | 764 (606-1173) | 0.903 | 680 (442-1005) | 1023 (687-1303) | 0.003 | |
| Endoscope rotation (Degrees) | 1398 (749-2355) | 964 (353-1577) | 0.025 | 886 (350-1404) | 1044 (349-1955) | 0.350 | |
| Module 2: Navigation (3 stations) | Total time (s) | 74 (52-104) | 104 (79-166) | 0.002 | 161 (108-218) | 82 (67-105) | < 0.001 |
| Wheel rotation left/right (Degrees) | 109 (40-305) | 138 (3-757) | 0.826 | 391 (3-1648) | 99 (2-549) | 0.143 | |
| Wheel rotation up/down (Degrees) | 888 (680-1108) | 1232 (934-1868) | 0.001 | 1268 (958-1737) | 1224 (931-2046) | 0.641 | |
| Endoscope rotation (Degrees) | 1120 (933-1865) | 1770 (1313-2334) | 0.007 | 1847 (1258-2571) | 1722 (1357-2258) | 0.503 | |
| Endoscope tip path length (cm) | 228 (179-306) | 324 (251-411) | 0.002 | 357 (280-489) | 280 (239-356) | 0.028 | |
| Module 3: Button Handling (3 stations) | Missed targets (number) | 2 (0-4) | 2 (1-4) | 0.623 | 2 (1-5) | 1.5 (1-4) | 0.805 |
| Unnecessary button presses (number) | 2 (0-4) | 2 (1-4) | 0.270 | 2 (1-5) | 2 (1-4) | 0.963 | |
| Missed dirt (number) | 1 (1-2) | 1 (1-2) | 0.944 | 1 (0-2) | 1 (1-2) | 0.429 | |
| Module 4: Photo (4 stations) | Total time (s) | 151 (121-192) | 313 (230-377) | < 0.001 | 328 (235-404) | 269 (179-361) | 0.054 |
| Stomach visualized (%) | 93% (79%-99%) | 100 (96%-100%) | < 0.001 | 99% (94%-100%) | 100% (97%-100%) | 0.070 | |
| Duodenum visualized (%) | 63% (52%-74%) | 63% (53-72%) | 0.855 | 62% (51%-68%) | 66% (58%-74%) | 0.088 | |
| Collisions against mucosa (number) | 8 (5-12) | 13 (9-16) | < 0.001 | 13 (11-20) | 12 (8-15) | 0.090 | |
| Targets photographed (%) | 100% (100%-100%) | 100% (100%-100%) | 0.495 | 100% (100%-100%) | 100% (100%-100%) | 0.302 | |
| Module 5: Biopsy (3 stations) | Total time (s) | 182 (163-217) | 340 (249-463) | < 0.001 | 446 (331-522) | 299 (215-389) | 0.001 |
| Targets biopsied | 100% (100%-100%) | 100% (50-100%) | 0.010 | 100% (38%-100%) | 100% (50%-100%) | 0.546 | |
| Biopsies outside any target (number) | 0 (0-2) | 4 (2-9) | < 0.001 | 3 (2-8) | 4 (2-11) | 0.548 | |
| Collisions against mucosa (number) | 7 (4-11) | 9 (7-13) | 0.030 | 12 (9-23) | 7 (6-11) | < 0.001 | |
| Movement with tool (cm) | 25 (17-53) | 72 (36-183) | 0.002 | 73 (29-183) | 70 (42-179) | 0.910 | |
Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges), with P values derived from Mann-Whitney tests. Bold P values are significant at P < 0.05. IQR: Interquartile ranges.