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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019 Sep 23;75:100799. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100799

Table 5.

Pressure-independent Factors Associated with POAG

Factor Evidence Rodent Model Reference(s)
NT depletion Obstruction of BDNF and TrkB transport in ON ON crush/transection; acute chronic exp glaucoma Pease et al., 2000
Ischemia/reperfusion Increased retinal and ON HIF-1; decreased retinal & ONH blood flow; disc hemorrhages Retinal I/R injury Tezal and Wax, 2004b; Krakau 1994; Flammer 1994
ON axonopathy ONH site of initial OH injury; blockade of ON transport at ONH ON crush/transection Syc-Mazurek & Libby, 2019; Nickells et al., 2012
Toxic factors:
Excitotoxic AAs EAAs kill RGCs in vivo; defective glu uptake in glaucomatous retina Ivt injection of EAA Li et al., 1999; Martin et al., 2002
TNFα Increased TNFα in glaucomatous ONH Ivt injection of TNFα Yan et al., 2000
Yuan et al., 2000
ET-1 Increased ET-1 expression; ET-1 kills RGCs; ET-1 blocks ON transport and activates ONH astrocytes Ivt injection of ET-1 Prasanna et al., 2011; Blanco et a., 2017; Stokely et al., 2002