Figure 5.

Windows of selection and dominance, in units of concentration, associated with permethrin resistance in the tick species Boophilus microplus; (a) shows the mortality data reported in Figure 1 of Li et al. (2008) from bioassays on tick larvae of a susceptible, resistant and F1 crosses exposed for 24 hr. The row of numbers along the top of (a) is our calculation of dominance of resistance at each concentration. (b and c) show our measures of selection plotted along the same concentration x‐axis. Where mortality data were absent, we extrapolated to 0 or 100% to extract values for the calculation (e.g. mortality of RR was assumed to be 0 at concentrations ≤1%, and mortality of RS and SR was assumed to be 100% at concentrations >0.5%). We used the mean mortality of the two heterozygous genotypes (in the original experiment, the SR came from SS fathers and RR mothers, RS from the reverse). Panel b shows how selective advantage within a single generation changes during the windows of selection and how it depends on the starting frequency of resistance. (c) shows simulation results of the number of generations needed to reach a resistance allele frequency of 50%