Table 2.
Odds ratios of hypertension and changes in blood pressure (mm Hg) associated with per 1 μg/m3 increment in long-term exposure to PM1.
| Effect estimates | Crude modela | Adjusted model 1b | Adjusted model 2c |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | 1.059 (1.051, 1.068) | 1.075 (1.066, 1.084) | 1.043 (1.033, 1.053) |
| Changes in mm Hg (95% CI) | |||
| SBP | 0.633 (0.559, 0.707) | 0.749 (0.680, 0.818) | 0.401 (0.335, 0.467) |
| DBP | 0.539 (0.496, 0.582) | 0.553 (0.510, 0.596) | 0.328 (0.288, 0.369) |
| MAP | 0.570 (0.520, 0.621) | 0.618 (0.569, 0.667) | 0.353 (0.307, 0.399) |
| PP | 0.094 (0.045, 0.143) | 0.196 (0.154, 0.238) | 0.073 (0.030, 0.116) |
Abbreviations: PM1, particle matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure.
a
Crude Model: no adjustment.
b
Adjusted Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education level, income.
c
Adjusted Model 2: also adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, vegetables and fruits intake, high fat diet, physical activity, family history of hypertension, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and hypertension medicine use (not in logistic regression).