MiR-146a-5p negatively regulates GEM resistance through the TRAF6/NF-κB p65/P-gp axis in PDAC cells. (A) Western blot analysis of NF-κB p65 and P-gp levels in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells transfected with miR-146a-5p mimics, inhibitors or their NCs. (B) Western blot analysis of TRAF6, NF-κB p65 and P-gp levels in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells transfected with TRAF6 knockdown or overexpression constructs. (C) The increased NF-κB p65 and P-gp levels mediated by miR-146a-5p overexpression could be ameliorated by upregulating TRAF6, as shown by Western blot analysis. (D-E) The expression levels of TRAF6, NF-κB p65 and P-gp in the xenograft tumors as measured by IHC assays and quantified by the IHC score (scale bar, 40 µm, n = 5). (F) Both the TCGA and GTEx databases showing that TRAF6 expression was positively correlated with the expression of both NF-κB p65 (RELA) and P-gp (ABCB1) based on a Spearman correlation test.