Kaplan-Meier survival curves of intracranial glioblastoma-implanted nude mice treated with different regimens. (A) Mice (n = 8) were treated with TMZ (10 mg/kg) alone or together with DWVAP-M/PTL (5 mg/kg with respect to PTL). TMZ was administered through oral gavage while PTL was given by caudal vein on the 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th day after implantation. (B) Mice were treated with DWVAP-M/PTX (6 mg/kg with respect to PTX) alone or together with DWVAP-M/PTL (5 mg/kg with respect to PTL). All formulations were administered through caudal vein for all mice on the day on the 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th and 18th day after implantation. Mean ± SD, n = 8. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissues of the mice bearing intracranial U87 glioma cells after various treatment. Anti-CD31 antibody was used to stain neovasculature (C). Quantification of angiogenesis inhibition in tumors with different formulations in comparison to saline group (D). TUNEL kit was used to label apoptosis cells (E). Quantification of TUNEL positive cells in tumors with different formulations in comparison to saline group (F). Anti-CD133 antibody was used to label tumor stem cells (G). Quantification of tumor stem cell inhibition in tumors with different formulations in comparison to saline group (H). Three random fields were selected under a light microscope. Mean ± SD, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.