Figure 3.

Immunosuppression test of oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs)/mycophenolic acid (MPA) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation under hypoxic and normal conditions. (A) IL-2, (B) IL-6, and (C) TNF-α profiling of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under normal and hypoxic conditions (ONB/MPA, total MPA = 600 µg/mL, LPS = 1 µg/mL, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) = 5 µg/mL. Samples were treated with LPS/PMA prior to hypoxia induction). ns indicates no significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.