. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Value Health. 2019 Dec 9;23(3):351–361. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.10.004

Table 1:

Conceptual Definitions of Needs and Values

Construct	Definition
Needs	Conditions considered necessary for human well-being, which may be influenced by individual values and perceptions [55, 56]. Needs may be categorized as follows: 1) normative need –determined by expert or professional 2) felt need – determined by perception of individual; may be equated to a want 3) expressed need – felt need that is communicated 4) comparative need – obtained by observation or study of individual or group to determine gaps in the provision of a service or between current and desired states [55, 57].
Values	Beliefs that represent an individual’s interests (individualistic, collectivist, or both) and are motivated by human needs (e.g. enjoyment, security, self-direction, etc.) this may be evaluated on a scale of importance (e.g. from very important to unimportant) as a guiding principle in someone’s life,” [58] (p.10).

Construct

Definition

Needs

Conditions considered necessary for human well-being, which may be influenced by individual values and perceptions [55, 56]. Needs may be categorized as follows: 1) normative need –determined by expert or professional 2) felt need – determined by perception of individual; may be equated to a want 3) expressed need – felt need that is communicated 4) comparative need – obtained by observation or study of individual or group to determine gaps in the provision of a service or between current and desired states [55, 57].

Values

Beliefs that represent an individual’s interests (individualistic, collectivist, or both) and are motivated by human needs (e.g. enjoyment, security, self-direction, etc.) this may be evaluated on a scale of importance (e.g. from very important to unimportant) as a guiding principle in someone’s life,” [58] (p.10).