Table 2.
Clinical examined shoulder mobility and grip force in patients with and without self-reported shoulder stiffness and reduced hand strength.
| All participants (n = 69) |
Patients self-reporting | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shoulder mobility (goniometer)¤ | Having shoulder stiffness (n = 33) |
No shoulder stiffness (n = 35) |
||
| Flexion shoulder (degrees) | 162 ± 16 | 153 ± 17 | 170 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Extension shoulder (degrees) | 60 ± 9 | 56 ± 10 | 63 ± 6 | 0.001 |
| Abduction shoulder (degrees) | 154 ± 35 | 136 ± 32 | 171 ± 32 | <0.001 |
| Inward rotation shoulder (degrees) | 43 ± 17 | 36 ± 15 | 51 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| Outward rotation shoulder (degrees) | 64 ± 25 | 53 ± 24 | 76 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| Grip force (Grippit)^ | Having reduced hand strength (n = 20) |
No reduced hand strength (n = 48) |
||
| All (Newton) | 231 ± 122 | 147 ± 74 | 269 ± 120 | <0.001 |
| Male (Newton)# | 300 ± 123 | 181 ± 92 | 336 ± 108 | 0.001 |
| Female (Newton)# | 165 ± 76 | 124 ± 51 | 190 ± 79 | 0.014 |
Data are presented in mean ± SD. p value analyzed between patients with and without shoulder stiffness and reduced hand strength, respecitvely. ¤The lowest obtained value in degrees from the five goniometer measurement axes left or right shoulder; flexion, extension, abduction, and inward and outward rotation, respectively. ^The lowest obtained Grippit value (Newton) for either left or right hand is presented. #Male n = 34 (8 reported reduced hand strength and 26 not), female n = 35 (12 reported reduced hand strength, 22 not).