Table 1.
Epidemical and clinical comparison of fatal and nonfatal cases in human clusters and sporadic cases with MERS-CoV as of 31 March 2016
| Characteristic | MERS clusters (N = 47 clusters, 179 cases) | MERS sporadic cases (N = 504) | Outgroup comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatal (n = 53) |
Nonfatal (n = 126) |
p 1 value | Fatal (n = 129) |
Nonfatal (n = 375) |
p 2 value | p 3 value | p 4 value | |
| Case fatality rate | ||||||||
| Overall CFR [% (no.)] | 29.6 (53/179) | - | 25.6 (129/504) | - | 0.297 | - | ||
| Male-specific CFR [% (no.)] | 31.7 (40/126) | - | 27.9 (84/301) | 0.425 | - | |||
| HCP-specific CFR [% (no.)] | 5.6 (3/54) | - | 7.4 (4/54) | - | 0.696 | - | ||
| Percentage of HCP [% (no.)] | 32.4 (58/179) | - | 10.7 (54/504) | 0.000 | ||||
| Concurrent health condition in overall cases [% (no.)] | 67.9 (36/53) | 22.2 (28/126) | 0.000 | 66.7 (86/129) | 33.3 (125/375) | 0.000 | 0.870 | 0.019 |
| Concurrent health condition in HCP [% (no.)] | 33.3 (1/3) | 7.8 (4/51) | 0.000 | 25.0 (1/4) | 8.0 (4/50) | 0.000 | 0.334 | 0.778 |
| Mean age overall (years) | 57 (19–94) | 38 (2–86) | 0.000 | 60 (0–94) | 46 (2–90) | 0.000 | 0.241 | 0.000 |
| Mean age HCP (years) | 46.5 (33–56) | 37 (24–60) | 0.000 | 41.5 (26–54) | 39 (24–48) | 0.000 | 0.333 | 0.431 |
| Percent of male cases [% (no.)] | 79.2 (42/53) | 66.7 (84/126) | 0.092 | 65.1 (84/129) | 56.8 (213/375) | 0.098 | 0.061 | 0.059 |
| Age group [% (no.)] | ||||||||
| 0-14 | 0.0 (0/53) | 7.1 (9/126) | 0.000 | 1.6 (2/129) | 2.9 (11/35) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| 15-29 | 7.5 (4/53) | 30.2 (38/126) | 6.2 (8/129) | 18.7 (70/375) | ||||
| 30-44 | 18.9 (10/53) | 32.5 (41/126) | 10.1 (13/129) | 31.7 (119/375) | ||||
| 45-59 | 35.8 (19/53) | 23 (29/126) | 27.9 (36/129) | 24.8 (93/375) | ||||
| 60+ | 37.7 (20/53) | 7.1 (9/126) | 54.3 (70/129) | 21.9 (82/375) | ||||
| Exposure history [% (no.)] | ||||||||
| Exposure to any animal | 11.3 (6/53) | 6.3 (8/126) | 0.258 | 4.7 (6/129) | 3.2 (12/375) | 0.444 | 0.258 | 0.118 |
| Exposure to a camel | 7.5 (4/53) | 5.6 (7/126) | 0.612 | 3.9 (5/129) | 1.9 (7/375) | 0.197 | 0.299 | 0.030 |
| Exposure to sheep or goats or horses | 3.8 (2/53) | 0.8 (1/126) | 0.156 | 0.8 (1/129) | 1.3 (5/375) | 0.614 | 0.149 | 0.630 |
| Human-human transmission | 64.2 (34/53) | 92.9 (117/126) | 0.000 | 0.0 (0/129) | 0.0 (0/375) | - | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Disease progression (days) | ||||||||
| From onset to admission | 4 (0–14) | 4 (0–17) | 0.661 | 5 (0–30) | 5 (0–26) | 0.553 | 0.239 | 0.788 |
| From onset to confirmation | 12.5 (2–19) | 9 (0–24) | 0.041 | 12 (1–41) | 9 (0–30) | 0.003 | 0.874 | 0.975 |
| From onset to death | 15 (3–51) | - | - | 15 (1–40) | - | - | 0.819 | - |
| From onset to discharge | - | 12 (6–28) | - | - | 14 (3–26) | - | - | 0.554 |
| Hospitalized days | 11 (0–35) | 8 (4–16) | 0.531 | 13 (0–39) | 10 (2–23) | 0.428 | 0.251 | 0.489 |
p 1: comparison of fatal and nonfatal cases in MERS clusters; p 2: comparison of fatal and nonfatal cases in MERS sporadic cases
p 3: comparison of fatal cases in MERS clusters and sporadic cases; p 4: comparison of nonfatal cases in MERS clusters and sporadic cases
CFR, case fatality rate; HCP, healthcare personnel; “-”, no data available