Fig. 1.

Influence of glycyrrhizin on H5N1-replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). a Representative pictures showing staining of nucleuses by DAPI (blue), H5N1 nucleoprotein (NP) (green), or merge of both stainings in H5N1 (MOI 2)-infected MDMs without treatment, with glycyrrhizin 200 μg/ml, or with ribavirin 40 μg/ml 24-h post-infection. Mock-infected cells did not show NP staining (not shown). b Fraction of H5N1 nucleoprotein-expressing cells in H5N1 (MOI 2)-infected MDMs without treatment, with glycyrrhizin (gly) 200 μg/ml, or with ribavirin (ribav) 40 μg/ml 24-h post-infection. No H5N1 nucleoprotein staining was detected in Mock-infected cells. *P < 0.05 relative to virus control. c Virus titres in H5N1 (MOI 2)-infected MDMs without treatment, with glycyrrhizin (gly) 200 μg/ml, or with ribavirin (ribav) 40 μg/ml 24-h post-infection. No virus titre was detected in mock-infected cells