Table 2.
Performance of the multiplex PCR assay for respiratory pathogen detection in comparison to the monoplex PCR assay as the gold standard
| No. of samples (monoplex PCR/multiplex PCR) | Multiplex PCR performance | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen | +/+ | +/− | −/+ | −/− | Sensitivity (%) | 95 % CI | Specificity (%) | 95 % CI | PPV (%) | 95 % CI | NPV (%) | 95 % CI | Kappa |
| Adenovirus | 9 | 1 | 1 | 289 | 90.0 | 71.4–100 | 99.7 | 99.0–100 | 90.0 | 71.4–100 | 99.7 | 99.0–100 | 0.9 |
| Bocavirus | 12 | 9 | 0 | 279 | 57.1 | 36.0–78.3 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 96.9 | 94.9–98.9 | 0.71 |
| Coronavirus HKU1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 297 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.8 | 100–100 | 1 |
| Coronavirus NL63 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 299 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 99.7 | 99.0–100 | 0.0 |
| Coronavirus OC43 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 294 | 16.7 | 0–46.5 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 98.3 | 96.9–99.8 | 0.28 |
| Coronavirus 229E | 4 | 1 | 2 | 293 | 80.0 | 44.9–100 | 99.3 | 98.4–100 | 66.7 | 28.9–100 | 99.7 | 99.0–100 | 0.72 |
| Enterovirus | 3 | 0 | 3 | 294 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.0 | 97.9–100 | 50.0 | 10.0–90.0 | 100 | 100–100 | 0.66 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 19 | 8 | 1 | 272 | 70.4 | 53.1–87.6 | 99.6 | 98.9–100 | 95.0 | 85.4–100 | 97.1 | 95.2–99.1 | 0.70 |
| Influenza virus A, universal | 6 | 1 | 0 | 293 | 85.7 | 59.8–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.7 | 99.0–100 | 0.92 |
| Influenza virus A/H1N1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 100 | 100–100 | na |
| Influenza virus A/H3N2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 100 | 100–100 | na |
| Influenza virus A/H5N1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 100 | 100–100 | na |
| Influenza virus B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 100 | 100–100 | na |
| Parainfluenza virus 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 294 | 50.0 | 10.0–90.0 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.0 | 97.9–100 | 0.66 |
| Parainfluenza virus 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 296 | 75.0 | 32.6–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.7 | 99.0–100 | 0.86 |
| Parainfluenza virus 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 294 | 66.7 | 28.9–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.3 | 98.4–100 | 0.80 |
| Parainfluenza virus 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 299 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 1 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus A | 15 | 1 | 3 | 281 | 93.8 | 81.9–100 | 98.9 | 98.9–97.8 | 83.3 | 66.1–100 | 99.6 | 99.0–100 | 0.88 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus B | 27 | 9 | 1 | 263 | 75.0 | 60.9–89.1 | 99.6 | 98.9–100 | 96.4 | 89.6–100 | 96.7 | 94.6–98.8 | 0.83 |
| Rhinovirus | 30 | 12 | 12 | 246 | 71.4 | 57.8–85.1 | 95.3 | 92.8–97.9 | 71.4 | 57.8–85.1 | 95.3 | 92.8–97.9 | 0.67 |
| Bordetella pertussis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 100 | 100–100 | na |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | 1 | 3 | 0 | 296 | 25.0 | 0–67.4 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 99.0 | 97.9–100 | 0.40 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 0 | 2 | 0 | 298 | na | na | 100 | na | na | na | 99.3 | 98.4–100 | 0.0 |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 7 | 4 | 0 | 289 | 63.6 | 35.2–92.1 | 100 | 100–100 | 100 | 100–100 | 98.6 | 97.3–100 | 0.77 |
na: not applicable