Table 3.
Multiple linear regression models for avoidance behavior, protective behavior and psychosocial impact related to A(H1N1)
| Predictor variable | Risk avoidance (range 0–8) β (SE) | Protective behavior (range 0–6) β (SE) | Impact (range 0–6) β (SE) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaya | Chinese | Indian | Malay | Chinese | Indian | Malay | Chinese | Indian | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | −0.79 (0.21)*** | −0.26 (0.25) | 0.03 (0.30) | −0.16 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.11) | −0.13 (0.14) | −0.04 (0.15) | 0.25 (0.19) | 0.27 (0.25) |
| Female | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Age | |||||||||
| 18–39 | 0.45 (0.46) | 0.42 (0.59) | −0.02 (0.59) | 0.49 (0.20)* | 0.61 (0.27) | 0.39 (0.27) | 0.53 (0.34) | 0.86 (0.44)* | 0.27 (0.49) |
| 40–59 | 0.51 (0.46) | 0.84 (0.58) | 0.16 (0.58) | 0.31 (0.20) | 0.42 (0.27) | 0.04 (0.26) | 0.10 (0.34) | 0.77 (0.44) | 0.14 (0.48) |
| 60–79 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Highest education attainment | |||||||||
| Graduate tertiary | 0.16 (0.23) | 0.36 (0.27) | 0.04 (0.34) | −0.03 (0.10) | 0.23 (0.13)* | −0.002 (0.15) | 0.15 (0.17) | 0.11 (0.20) | −0.05 (0.28) |
| Graduate secondary | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Employment | |||||||||
| Employed | 0.14 (0.22) | −0.05 (0.25) | 0.10 (0.31) | 0.45 (0.09)*** | 0.16 (0.11) | 0.56 (0.14) | −0.01 (0.16) | 0.39 (0.18)* | 0.24 (0.26) |
| Not employed | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Average monthly household income | |||||||||
| <2,000 | 0.28 (0.28) | −0.10 (0.34) | −0.10 (0.44) | −0.09 (0.13) | 0.29 (0.16) | 0.31 (0.20) | −0.27 (0.19) | 0.00 (0.25) | 0.18 (0.36) |
| 2,001–4,000 | 0.20 (0.24) | −0.25 (0.27) | −0.10 (0.34) | −0.08 (0.10) | −0.19 (0.13) | 0.21 (0.16) | −0.02 (0.93) | 0.02 (0.21) | −0.14 (0.28) |
| >4,001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Locality | |||||||||
| Urban | −0.18 (0.27) | −0.16 (0.51) | −0.15 (1.60) | −0.04 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.24) | 0.68 (0.72) | 0.07 (0.20) | −0.04 (0.38) | 0.85 (1.33) |
| Suburban | −0.98 (0.37)** | −0.11 (0.59) | −0.16 (1.65) | −0.18 (0.16) | 0.23 (0.27) | 0.38 (0.74) | −0.22 (0.27) | 0.14 (0.44) | 1.73 (1.37) |
| Rural | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Knowledge score (x ± SD) | −0.07 (0.60) | 0.06 (0.06) | −0.04 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.03)* | 0.10 (0.03)*** | 0.08 (0.03)** | 0.04 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.06) |
| F (10, 425) = 2.752, P = 0.003 R2 = 0.039 | F (10, 317) = 1.043, P = 0.407 R2 = 0.001 | F (10, 144) = 0.122, P = 1.000 R2 = −0.037 | F (10, 425) = 6.240, P = 0.000 R2 = 0.108 | F (10, 262) = 4.464, P = 0.000 R2 = 0.096 | F (10, 182) = 4.126, P = 0.000 R2 = 0.113 | F (10, 393) = 2.368, P = 0.010 R2 = 0.031 | F (10, 312) = 1.600, P = 0.105 R2 = 0.018 | F (10, 166) = 1.139, P = 0.334 R2 = 0.006 | |
R2 = Adjusted R2
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001
aAvoidance behavior for Malay ethnicity, range 0–7