Table 3.

Result overview——general data and topic

No.	Reference (author, year)	Country	Study type/collection method	Study duration/year of data	Type of preventive behavior	Study population size (n)	Study population age (years)	Gender distribution (n)	Funding source
1	Alemu et al. (2011)	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional study, structured questionnaire, systematic random sampling, young people with disability	February 11–17, 2008	Sexual	384	10–24 (majority in the age range of 20–24)	50.5% males 49.5% females	Cheshire Foundation Ethiopia
2	Askarian et al. (2009)	Iran	Cross-sectional study, self-administered questionnaire, stratified sample, healthcare workers	November 2005–February 2006	Occupational disease	851 (participation rate 96%)	18–59, mean age 25.9 SD 5.4	n.a.	Deputy of Research at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
3	Boehner et al. (2003)	USA	Cross-sectional study, written questionnaire, college students	n.a.	Vaccination	259	20.2 mean age	50% males 50% females	n.a.
4	Edjolo et al. (2013)	France	Cohort study, epidemiological prospective study (French Personnes Agées Quid (PAQUID) cohort) Random recruiting from electoral roll, general population, face-to-face interview at home, re-interviews every 2–3 years over 20 years of follow-up	Started in 1988, still ongoing (status: September 2012)	Physical activity	2578	70–90 at baseline	41% males 59% females	n.a.
5	Fernandez-Esquer et al. (2004)	USA	Cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews, data collected as part of a behavioral rapid needs assessment (BRNA) survey, US and foreign-born Latinos	November 2002–January 2003	Sexual	152	29.8 immigrant females 29.5 US-born Latina women 31.5 immigrant males	33% males 67% females	Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of HIV/STD (sexually transmitted diseases)
6	Gavin et al. (2012)	UK	Cross-sectional study, questionnaire based on a validated survey, included in Omnibus survey of the lifestyle and views of the Northern Ireland population, random sample of adults from private household addresses	2000, 2004, 2008 (8-year period)	Sun protection	3623 (response rates 50%–59%)	16 and over	1:1.2 male to female ratio	Public Health Agency, Northern Ireland, which funds work for Northern Ireland Cancer Registry; DHSSPSNI (Department of Health, Social Services & Public Safety, Northern Ireland)
7	Grgič-Vitek et al. (2012)	Slovenia	Cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews at respondents’ homes using paper questionnaires, general population	October–December 2007	Vaccination	2075 (survey response 68%, item response 98%)	15 and over	46.7% males 53.3% females	National Institute of Public Health
8	Jaarsma et al. (2004)	Sweden	Cross-sectional study, short, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire, registrants of 3rd annual Spring Meeting of the European Society of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing	April 2003	Physical activity	122 (response rate 47%)	23–60 mean age of 41 (SD 9.4)	14% males 86% females	Supported by Biosite® Diagnostics Europe
9	Jackson and Villarroel (2012)	USA	Cross-sectional descriptive study, online questionnaire, Oregon veterinarians	June 16, 2008–September 5, 2008	Occupational disease	216 (completed response rate 16.9%)	30 and over	32.4% males 67.6% females	n.a.
10	Johnson et al. (2003)	USA	Cross-sectional study, observer in university restrooms, study population included public restroom visitors from a large northeastern university	1-week period	Hygiene	175	n.a.	46% males 54% females	n.a.
11	Jones and Cook (2008)	USA	Cross-sectional study, anonymous, self-administered, 34-item questionnaire, convenience sample, college students at a northeastern urban university	April 2006	Vaccination, sexual	340 (participation rate 96%)	18–32, mean age 20.8 (SD = 2.3)	41% males 59% females	n.a.
12	Karalliedde et al. (2014a, b)	Sri Lanka	Randomized controlled clinical trial, comparison of an intensive 3-month with a less intensive 12-month lifestyle modification	2010–2013	Lifestyle modification	3685 (I-LSM n = 1807) (LI-LSM n = 1878)	5–40 (I-LSM 22.4 mean age ±10 years SD) (LI-LSM 22.4 mean age ±9.8 years SD)	48% males 52% females	Supported by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Diabetes Association of Sri Lanka
13	Lawler et al. (2007)	Australia	Cross-sectional study, self-administered questionnaire, convenience sampling, participants in hockey, soccer, tennis and surf sports	n.a.	Sun protection	237	18–30, mean age 23.2 ± 3.8	40.9% males 59.1% females	n.a.
14	Matthews et al. (2004)	USA	Cross-sectional study, telephone survey, convenience sample, family caregivers of patients admitted to a Medicare-certified home health agency	21-month period	Dental health, gathering health information, physical activity	319	50 and over	21.6% males 78.4% females	American Nurses Foundation and the Jewish Healthcare Foundation of Pittsburgh
15	Mohr et al. (2010)	Australia	Cross-sectional study, national postal survey, random selection, adults from Australian electoral roll	2008	Nutrition	849 (participation rate 40.4%)	18 and over	40.2% males 59.8% females	CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Food Futures National Research Flagship
16	Nan (2012)	USA	Cross-sectional study, online survey questionnaire, undergraduate students without former HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccination	n.a.	Vaccination	229	18–26, mean age 20.18 (SD = 1.47)	56.3% males 43.7% females	n.a.
17	Njelekela et al. (2009)	Tanzania	Cross-sectional epidemiological study, structured questionnaire, administered face-to-face, random selection, stratified list of adult residents	n.a.	Physical activity	209 (response rate 83.6%)	44–66	55% males 45% females	Sida (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency)/SAREC (Sida Department for Research Cooperation) Capacity Development Project; Gender Center; University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)
18	Sax et al. (2007)	Switzerland	Cross-sectional study, internal mail, self-administered paper questionnaire at workplace, physicians, nurses, nursing assistants (Geneva University Hospitals)	October 2005	Hygiene	1008	n.a.	28.8% males 71.2% females	n.a.
19	Seale et al. (2006)	USA	Cross-sectional study, self-completed health habits questionnaire, adult outpatients of a family medicine clinic	June 2002–July 2003	Physical activity	3286 (1613 African-American, 1623 non-Hispanic White)	39.5 ± 14.9 (African-American) 45.0 ± 17.0 (non-Hispanic White)	35.6% males 64.4% females	n.a.
20	Takusari et al. (2011)	Japan	Cross-sectional study, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire, business employees	January 2008	Mental health	3233 included in analysis, 3944 responses (participation rate 82.1%)	Mean age 40.47 ± 11.42 years (males), 38.71 ± 10.53 years (females)	75.5% males 24.5% females	Supported by research investigation grant from Japan Labor Health and Welfare Organization
21	Van de Mortel et al. (2001)	Australia	Cross-sectional study, covertly observed handwashing by critical care unit staff with patient contact	n.a.	Hygiene	249	n.a.	63% males 37% females	n.a.
22	Wright et al. (2008)	USA	Cross-sectional study, mailed questionnaire; randomly selected veterinarians from AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) membership	2005	Occupational disease	316 large animal veterinarians (LAV), 456 equine veterinarians (EV), 1070 small animal veterinarians (SAV); 2133 of 5168 returned completed questionnaires (participation rate 41%)	24–77	LAV 81.2% males 18.8% females EV 57.6% males 42.4% females SAV 47.6% males 52.4% females	n.a.
23	Wu et al. (2013)	China	Cross-sectional study, multi-stage sampling, retrospective, random selection, self-administered, anonymous questionnaires	January 2011	Vaccination	13,002	18 and over	49.3% males 51.7% females	Supported by research fund for National Important Project during Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period, ‘Laboratory key technologies and technology systems for infectious disease surveillance,’ Ministry of Science and Technology