Table 1.
Summary of studies of respiratory infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adults published since 2003
| Reference | Location | Subject age (years) | No. of subjects tested | Diagnostic method(s) | No. (%) of subjects infected with M. pneumoniae | Comments | Methodological problem(s)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [16] 2004 | The Netherlands | 1–88 | 159 | P1 gene-based PCR, particle agglutination and ELISA | 19 (11.9) |
7 PCR-positive, all also positive in at least one serological test, 2-fold titer increase in IgG was defined as positive |
D |
| [7] 2004 | Trinidad and Tobago | >2 | 132 | IgM and IgG EIA on acute phase serum | 88 (66.7) | 36/88 IgM-positive | B |
| [14] 2005 | France | ≥18 | 3,198 | P1-based PCR, Ag detection by EIA | 109 (3.6) | 114 PCR-positive, Ag detection test had very low sensitivity and the results were not mentioned as such | E |
| [27] 2005 | Chile | 60–96 | 84 | P1 gene-based PCR, 16S rRNA gene-based PCR, IgM and IgG indirect IF | 11 (13.1) | 8 positive by IFI (of which 4 by IFI alone), 7 PCR-positive (of which 3 only by PCR) | ... |
| [8] 2005 | The Netherlands | ≥18 | 107 | PCR | 0 | PCR not described | A |
| [26] 2006 | UK | ≥18 |
80 patients 49 controls |
P1 gene-based PCR, 16S rRNA-based PCR | 1 (1.3) | 1 PCR-positive patient | ... |
| [18] 2006 | Denmark | 18–96 |
235 patients 113 controls |
P1 gene-based PCR and CFT | 14 (5.5) |
13 positive patients, 1 positive control Proportion of positive results by each test not specified |
... |
| [25] 2007 | India | ≥18 | 100 | Culture, IgM ELISA, cold agglutination test on acute-phase sera | 31 (31) | 31 positive by culture, 21 positive by IgM ELISA, 34 positive by cold agglutination test | ... |
| [22] 2008 | Belgium | ≥18 | 147 | Mono and MX real-time NASBA, real-time PCR, culture, IgM and IgG EIA | 19 (12.9) | 8 positive by culture, 15 positive by PCR, 19 positive by real-time MX NASBA, 23 by mono real-time NASBA | ... |
| [19] 2008 | The Netherlands | ≥18 | 201 | PCR, CFT | 8 (4.0) |
7 positive by PCR, 8 positive by serology PCR not specified |
A |
| [23] 2008 | Japan | 16–>80 | NS | Culture, IgM, and IgG serology | 210 | 210 IgG M. pneumoniae-positive, 38 culture-positive | ... |
aA: no information provided about the PCR and/or serological assay used; B: single IgG titer used as part of the criteria used to define an acute infection; C: EIA used as the only serodiagnostic tool; D: serological titers vary from those recommended for the diagnosis of acute infections; E: one PCR assay used as the only diagnostic tool; F: (single) IgM titer used as the only serodiagnostic tool in some or all patients
Ag: antigen; CFT: complement fixation test; IFI: indirect immunofluorescence; IgA/G/M: immunoglobulin A/G/M; MX: multiplex; NASBA: nucleic acid sequence-based amplification; …: no major methodological problems identified