Table 1.

Biological action spectrum of crude lectins from red algae

Red algae	Haemagglutination activity with erythrocyte type/s	Reference(s)
Acanthophora spicifera	Rabbita,b,c,d, goatb, chickena,d, pigb,c and human Ob,d erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
A. spicifera	Rabbit erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989)
A. spicifera	Rabbita,b, sheepa,b and chickena,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
Acrocystis nana	Rabbita erythrocytes	Anam et al. (2017a)
Agardhiella ramosissima	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989), Bird et al. (1993)
A. tenera	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
Amansia multifida	Rabbita,b,c,d, goatb,d, chickena,c,d, pigb,c,d, human Aa and human Ob erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
Bossiella cretacea	Human O erythrocytes	Chernikov et al. (2007)
Bryothamnion seaforthii	Rabbita, chickena and cowa erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
B. triquetrum	Rabbita,b,c,d,e, goatb,c,d, piga,b,c,d,e, human Ab,c,d, human Ba,b,c,d, human Oa,b,c,d,e and human ABb,c,d erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
Callophyllis crispata	Horsea,e,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
C. japonica	Sheepa,e,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Campylaephora crassa	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Carpopeltis flabellata	Rabbita erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1986a)
Chondria crassicaulis	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Chondrus ocellatus	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Chrysymenia wrightii	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Cryptonemia crenulata	Rabbita erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
Dictyurus occidentalis	Rabbita,b,c,d erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
Enantiocladia duperreyi	Rabbitc, human Ab,c,d, human Bb,c,d, human Oa,b,c,d,e and human ABb,c,d erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
E. denticulatum	Rabbita,b and sheepa,b,e erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
E. nudum	Rabbit, sheep, human A and human B erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989)
E. nudum	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
Galaxaura fastigiata	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. filamentosa	Rabbita,b, sheepa,b and chickena,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
Gelidiela acerosa	Goatc,d,e and chickena,b,c,e erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
Gelidiopsis gracilis	Rabbita erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
Gelidium amansii	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. coarctatum	Rabbitd erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
G. divaricatum	Rabbit erythrocytes	Zheng and Lai-Sheng (2002)
Georgiella confluens	Chickena,b,c,d,e and sheepa,b,c,d,e erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
Gigartina skottsbergii	Rabbita, chickend, goatb,c,d, sheepa,b,c,d,e, human Aa,b,c,d, human Bb,d and human Oa,c,d erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
Gloiopeltis furcata	Rabbita, sheepa,e,f, human Ae, human Be and human Oe erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. furcata	Rabbit, sheep, chicken, human A, human B and human AB erythrocytes	Zheng and Lai-Sheng (2002)
Gracilaria bursa-pastoris	Rabbit a,e,f, sheepa,e,f, horsef, chickena,f and human Af erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. bailiniae	Rabbita,b,e, sheepb and chickena,b,e erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
G. bangmeiana	Chickena,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
G. bursa-pastoris	Rabbita erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1986a)
G. cearensis	Rabbita erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
G. cervicornis	Rabbita and chickena erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
G. changii	Sheepa,b and chickenb erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
G. cornea	Chickena erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991), Lima et al. (2005)
G. eucheumatoides	Rabbita,b, sheepa,b,e, chickena,b, human Aa,b, human Bb and human Ob erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
G. ferox	Sheepa, rabbita, chickena, cowa, human Aa, human Ba, human ABa and human Oa erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
G. fisheri	Rabbit, sheep and goose erythrocytes	Boonsri et al. (2017)
G. salicornia	Rabbita,b,e, sheepa,b,e and chickena,b,e erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
G. sjoestedtii	Sheepa and chickena erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
G. textorii	Rabbita,e,f, sheepa,e,f, horsea,e,f, human Aa,f, human Ba,f and human Oa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. tikvahiae	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
G. tikvahiae	Rabbit, sheep, human A and human B erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989)
G. verrucosa	Rabbitf, sheepf, horsea,e,f, chickena,f, human Aa,f, human Ba,f and human Oa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. verrucosa	Horse, cow, sheep, rabbit, guinea pig, carp and chicken erythrocytes	Shiomi et al. (1981)
G. verrucosa	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
G. verrucosa	Rabbit, sheep, human A and human B erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989)
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis	Sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
Grateloupia filicina	Sheepa,e,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. filicina	Rabbit erythrocytes	Zheng and Lai-Sheng (2002)
G. filicina	Rabbita,b, sheepa,b, chickena,b, human Aa,b, human Ba,b and human Oa,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
Gymnogongrus flabelliformis	Sheepa,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
G. griffithsiae	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
G. turquetti	Chickend and sheepd erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
Halymenia sp.	Rabbita and human Ba,e erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
H. agardhii	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989), Bird et al. (1993)
H. floresia	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Chiles and Bird (1989), Bird et al. (1993)
H. maculata	Rabbita,b,e, sheepa,b,e, chickena,b,e, human Aa,b, human Ba,b and human Oa,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
Hypnea boergesenii	Rabbita,b,e, sheepa,b and chickena,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
H. cervicornis	Rabbita and cowa erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
H. japonica	Rabbita erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1986a, 2000)
H. japonica	Rabbita,e,f, sheepa,e,f, horsea,e,f, human Aa,f, human Ba,e,f and human Oa,e,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
H. musciformis	Sheepa, rabbita, cowa, human Aa, human Ba, human ABa and human Oa erythrocytes	Ainouz and Sampaio (1991)
H. musciformis	Rabbit and sheep erythrocytes	Bird et al. (1993)
H. musciformis	Rabbit erythrocytes	Melo et al. (1997)
H. nidulans	Rabbita,b, sheepa,b, human Aa,b, human Ba,b and human Oa,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
H. valentiae	Rabbita,b, sheepa,b, human Ab, human Bb and human Ob erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
Kappaphycus alvarezii	Rabbita,b,e and sheepa,b erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009), Le et al. (2009)
K. alvarezii	Rabbita erythrocytes	Hung et al. (2009), Hirayama et al. (2016)
K. striatum	Rabbita,b,e and sheepa,b,e erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009), Hung et al. (2011)
Laurencia dichotoma	Rabbita erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
L. microcladia	Rabbita,c erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
L. obtusa	Rabbita,b and chickenb erythrocytes	Dinh et al. (2009)
L. undulata	Rabbit a,e,f, sheepa,e,f, horsef, human Ae, human Be and human Oe erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Meristiella echinocarpa	Rabbita,b,c,d, goatb,d, chickena,b,d and pigb,c,d erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
Nemalion vermiculare	Human O erythrocytes	Chernikov et al. (2007)
Palmaria decipiens	Rabbita,b,c,d,e, chickena,b,c,d, goatb,d, sheepa,b,c,d,e, human Aa,b,c,d, human Bb,d and human Oa,b,c,d erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
P. palmata	Rabbita,b,e,f, horsea,b,e,f, sheepb,f, human Ab,f, human Bb,f and human Ob,f erythrocytes	Kamiya et al. (1982)
Pantoneura plocamioides	Rabbitb,c and chickenb,c erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
Polysiphonia sp.	Rabbita and sheepa,e,f erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Porphyra sp.	Human B erythrocytes	De Souza et al. (2007)
Rhodomela munita	Human O erythrocytes	Chernikov et al. (2007)
R. subfusca	Sheepa,f, human Af and human Bf erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Solieria filiformis	Rabbita,b,c,d, goatb,d, chickenb,c,d and pigb,c,d erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
S. robusta	Rabbita,e,f, sheepa,e,f, horsea,e,f, chickena,f and human Of erythrocytes	Hori et al. (1988b)
Tichocarpus crinitus	Human O erythrocytes	Chernikov et al. (2007)
Vidalia obtusiloba	Rabbitb,c and human Aa erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)
V. volubilis	Rabbitd erythrocytes	Ainouz et al. (1992)

^aTrypsin-treated erythrocytes

^bPapain-treated erythrocytes

^cBromelain-treated erythrocytes

^dSubtilisin-treated erythrocytes

^eNative erythrocytes

^fPronase-treated erythrocytes

^gNeuraminidase-treated erythrocytes