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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Inform. 2020 Jan 28;103:103379. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103379

Table 2.

Predictively equivalent risk models. Seventy-seven predictively equivalent risk models (columns) were discovered. The c-index of individual models and the coefficients of risk factors are shown. The blank cell indicate a variable is not part of the predictive equivalent feature set. See table 1 for description of variables.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
c-idx 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78
Glycemia 1.73 0.96 1.42 1.20 0.86 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.95 1.17
Intensive Tx 0.62 0.90 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.61 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.63
Black 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.54 0.60 0.68 0.64 0.63 0.69 0.63 0.71 0.60 0.67 0.73 0.70 0.69 0.74 0.70 0.69
White
Age 0.19 0.17 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.22 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.28 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.17
Education −0.12 −0.14 −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −0.14 −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.15 −0.14 −0.14 −0.18 −0.14 −0.15
DBP −0.18 −0.20 −0.22 −0.22 −0.19 −0.20 −0.23 −0.28 −0.23 −0.26 −0.19 −0.17 −0.17 −0.20 −0.16 −0.19 −0.18 −0.18
Serum Creatinine 0.41 0.49
eGFR −0.12 −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −0.12 −0.13 −0.14 −0.12 −0.13 −0.12 −0.12 −0.11 −0.12 −0.12 −1.00 −0.11 −0.11 −0.12
UACR 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.28 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.25
Years Diab 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.24
# Recent Hypoglycemia 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18
Visual Acuity (R)
Visual Acuity (L) −0.57 −0.58 −0.53 −0.57 −0.55 −0.55 −0.60 −0.57 −0.58 −0.58
Retinopathy −0.31 −0.27
# hypoglycemia hospitalization 2.25 2.37 2.34 2.28 2.44 2.29 2.33 2.29 2.32 2.26 2.24 2.24 2.32 2.24 2.26 2.32 2.21 2.24 2.18
HUI3 −0.36 −0.34 −0.37 −0.33 −0.33 −0.34 −0.31 −0.36 −0.44 −0.40 −0.39 −0.44 −0.38 −0.33 −0.31 −0.49 −0.39
Loop 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.24 0.34 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.25
Beta-Blocker 0.24
Sulfonylurea
Biguanide
NPH/L Insulins 0.88 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.98 0.90 0.93 0.92
TZD 0.49 0.45
Reg Insulin 0.89 0.95 0.84 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.80 0.81 0.88 0.82 0.76
Lisprot/Aspart Insulin 0.57 0.21 0.31 0.54 0.49 0.46 0.60 0.46 0.44 0.41 0.46 0.46 0.45
Other Bolus Insulin −2.39 −2.52 −2.66 −2.69 −2.67 −2.62 −2.65 −2.66 −2.68 −2.67 −2.58 −2.63 −2.60 −2.56 −2.55 −2.59 −2.55 −2.62 −2.58
Other Meds 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.13 0.13 0.15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
c-idx 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.78
Glycemia
Intensive Tx 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.58
Black 0.58 0.64 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.72 0.67 0.68 0.67 0.53 0.58 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.61 0.56 0.56
White
Age 0.26 0.30 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.28 0.20 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.24
Education −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −0.12 −0.17 −0.13 −0.13 −0.14 −0.13 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.17 −0.14 −0.14
DBP −0.21 −0.20 −0.19 −0.24 −0.27 −0.18 −0.27 −0.26 −0.24 −0.26 −0.18 −0.18 −0.23 −0.19 −0.17 −0.19 −0.19 −0.19
Serum Creatinine 0.42 0.44 0.39 0.55 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.47
eGFR −0.13 −0.12 −0.13 −0.13 −0.13 −1.00 −0.12 −0.12 −0.12 −0.12
UACR 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.24
Years Diab 0.25 0.28 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.22
# Recent Hypoglycemia 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18
Visual Acuity (R) −0.39 −0.37 −0.40 −0.38 −0.48
Visual Acuity (L) −0.63 −0.59 −0.56 −0.69 −0.63 −0.57 −0.66 −0.66 −0.62 −0.62 −0.59
Retinopathy −0.36 −0.27 −0.28
# hypoglycemia hospitalization 2.32 2.31 2.37 2.30 2.34 2.29 2.41 2.29 2.30 2.32 2.21 2.32 2.46 2.30 2.36 2.34 2.39 2.29 2.34 2.56
HUI3 −0.41 −0.43 −0.41 −0.37 −0.37 −0.38 −0.36 −0.42 −0.39 −0.37 −0.38 −0.42 −0.38 −0.35 −0.38 −0.35 −0.40 −0.37
Loop 0.29 0.27 0.33 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.30 0.32 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.28
Beta-Blocker 0.20
Sulfonylurea
Biguanide −0.18
NPH/L Insulins 0.94 0.92 0.97 0.90 0.89 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.86 0.85 0.92 0.85 0.82 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.80
TZD 0.41 0.42
Reg Insulin
Lisprot/Aspart Insulin
Other Bolus Insulin −2.74 −2.75 −2.74 −2.71 −2.73 −2.73 −2.72 −2.76 −2.73 −2.75 −2.75 −2.73 −2.73 −2.75 −2.77 −2.75 −2.77 −2.76
Other Meds 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.15
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
c-idx 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78
Glycemia
Intensive Tx 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.57
Black 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.68 0.62 0.62 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.72 0.66 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.80 0.65 0.65
White
Age 0.28 0.23 0.24 0.28 0.24 0.26 0.18 0.22 0.29 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.15
Education −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.17 −0.14 −0.13 −0.13 −0.14 −0.13 −0.18 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.13 −0.17 −0.14 −0.14
DBP −0.17 −0.28 −0.17 −0.15 −0.18 −0.18 −0.18 −0.20 −0.18 −0.15 −0.17 −0.17 −0.17
Serum Creatinine
eGFR −0.12 −0.13 −0.14 −0.12 −0.12 −0.12 −0.13 −0.12 −0.12 −0.12 −0.18 −0.11 −0.11 −0.12 −0.13 −0.13 −0.20 −0.12 −0.12 −0.12
UACR 0.26 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.27
Years Diab 0.22 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.27 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.28 0.21 0.28
# Recent Hypoglycemia 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18
Visual Acuity (R) −0.38
Visual Acuity (L) −0.55 −0.53 −0.57 −0.57 −0.55 −0.58 −0.54 −0.59 −0.57 −0.54
Retinopathy
# hypoglycemia hospitalization 2.39 2.25 2.30 2.37 2.28 2.27 2.23 2.34 2.46 2.48 2.48 2.36 2.37 2.12 2.29 2.25 2.38 2.25 2.25 2.00
HUI3 −0.40 −0.37 −0.29 −0.34 −0.41 −0.38 −0.38 −0.36 −0.43 −0.37 −0.42 −0.40 −0.34 −0.39 −0.33 −0.39 −0.34
Loop 0.37 0.29 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.33 0.32 0.37 0.38 0.33 0.32 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.25
Beta-Blocker 0.19 0.26 0.19
Sulfonylurea
Biguanide
NPH/L Insulins 0.90 0.84 0.80 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.79 0.90 0.88 0.91 0.98 0.91 0.90 0.85 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.78
TZD 0.45 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.44
Reg Insulin
Lisprot/Aspart Insulin
Other Bolus Insulin −2.71 −2.72 −2.74 −2.72 −2.77 −2.74 −2.68 −2.80 −2.70 −2.70 −2.73 −2.77 −2.73 −2.70 −2.74 −2.73 −2.72
Other Meds 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.14
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
c-idx 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78
Glycemia 1.14 0.92
Intensive Tx 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.57 0.58 0.70 0.61 0.62 0.59
Black 0.76 0.66 0.66 0.73 0.70 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.69 0.72 0.59 0.67
White −0.41
Age 0.22 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.25 0.19
Education −0.17 −0.14 −0.14 −0.17 −0.17 −0.17 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.14 −0.13 −0.14
DBP −0.19 −0.21 −0.28 −0.21 −0.17 −0.16 −0.16 −0.17 −0.19 −0.19 −0.18 −0.18 −0.17 −0.17 −0.18 −0.20 −0.18
Serum Creatinine
eGFR −0.12 −0.12 −0.13 −0.12 −0.15 −0.99 −0.15 −0.18 −0.11 −0.12 −0.11 −0.11 −0.12 −0.12 −0.12 −0.11
UACR 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.26
Years Diab 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.18
# Recent Hypoglycemia 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.22
Visual Acuity (R)
Visual Acuity (L) −0.63 −0.64 −0.58 −0.59 −0.58 −0.62 −0.60 −0.56
Retinopathy
# hypoglycemia hospitalization 2.41 2.31 2.34 2.38 2.35 2.38 2.39 2.17 2.28 2.13 2.36 2.89 2.20 2.21 2.24 2.32 2.42
HUI3 −0.30 −0.37 −0.36 −0.32 −0.37 −0.34 −0.34 −0.48 −0.35 −0.39 −0.38 −0.35 −0.36
Loop 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.33 0.26
Beta-Blocker
Sulfonylurea −0.24 −0.23
Biguanide −0.23
NPH/L Insulins 0.82 0.86 0.85 0.76 0.84 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.83 0.80 0.84 0.78 0.83 0.89
TZD
Reg Insulin 0.63 0.79
Lisprot/Aspart Insulin 0.34 0.48
Other Bolus Insulin −2.80 −2.76 −2.75 −2.75 −2.71 −2.72 −2.76 −2.74 −2.59 −2.54 −2.62 −2.79 −2.74
Other Meds 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13