Table 1.

Current methods for pathogen reduction of plasma and selected factor percentage retention [10, 32, 34, 46–58]

	Solvent/detergent	Methylene blue	Amotosalen	Riboflavin
Illumination	No	Visible light	Ultraviolet A light (320–400 nm)	Ultraviolet A and B light (285–365 nm)
Mechanism of action and primary target	Damage of lipid membranes	Binding to viral nucleic acids followed by singlet oxygen-mediated destruction upon illumination	Binding to viral nucleic acids followed by covalent cross-links and block of DNA/RNA replication upon illumination	Association with nucleic acids and mediation of oxygen-independent electron transfer upon illumination
Shelf life	4 years at ≤−18 °C	2 years at −30 °C	2 years below −25 °C 1 year between −18 and −25 °C	2 years at −30 °C
Selected factor retention (%)
Fibrinogen	84	65	72	77
Factor V	63	77	92	73
Factor VIII	78	67	73	77
Factor XI	95	73	86	67
Protein C	97	95	94	79
Protein S	56	100	98	91
Antithrombin	96	102	97	100
Plasminogen	100	99	94	94
α2-antiplasmin	21	96	80	90
von Willebrand factor multimers	Reduced	Normal	Normal	Some loss
ADAMTS-13	100	100	96	96