Fig. 1.

Case example: a 39-year-old Zambian woman presented with a 4-day history of pleuritic chest pain, cough and breathlessness, and a 6-week history of weight loss and night sweats. She was initially treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which resulted in symptomatic improvement. Tests on admission demonstrated HIV-1 infection, with a CD4 count of 192 cells/μL. a Chest radiograph demonstrates right-sided middle and lower zone consolidation. b CT image of the thorax demonstrates nodular shadowing in both upper lobes, with dense consolidation of the right middle and lower lobes. Sputum microscopy was 3+ positive for acid-fast bacilli and culture confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This emphasizes the importance of testing for HIV and mycobacterial disease in patients with community-acquired pneumonia