The content is available as a PDF (305.0 KB).
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Gary Wong for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by Major Special Projects for Infectious Disease Research of China (2016ZX10004222-003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81401312, 81373141), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81321063 to George F. Gao).
References
- Chen H., Liu S., Liu J., Chai C., Mao H., Yu Z., Tang Y., Zhu G., Chen H.X., Zhu C., Shao H., Tan S., Wang Q., Bi Y., Zou Z., Liu G., Jin T., Jiang C., Gao G.F., Peiris M., Yu H., Chen E. Nosocomial co-transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses between 2 patients with hematologic disorders. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:598–607. doi: 10.3201/eid2204.151561. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen Z., Liu L., Lv Y., Zhang W., Li J., Zhang Y., Di T., Zhang S., Liu J., Li J., Qu J., Hua W., Li C., Wang P., Zhang Q., Xu Y., Jiang R., Wang Q., Chen L., Wang S., Pang X., Liang M., Ma X., Li X., Wang Q., Zhang F., Li D. A fatal yellow fever virus infection in china: description and lessons. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016;5:e69. doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Editorial. The fight against bird flu. Nature. 2013;496:397. doi: 10.1038/496397a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feng Y., Gao G.F. Towards our understanding of SARS-CoV, an emerging and devastating but quickly conquered virus. Compar Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;30:309–327. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.05.009. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gao G.F., Feng Y. On the ground in Sierra Leone. Science. 2014;346:666–666. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.666. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gao R., Cao B., Hu Y., Feng Z., Wang D., Hu W., Chen J., Jie Z., Qiu H., Xu K., Xu X., Lu H., Zhu W., Gao Z., Xiang N., Shen Y., He Z., Gu Y., Zhang Z., Yang Y., Zhao X., Zhou L., Li X., Zou S., Zhang Y., Li X., Yang L., Guo J., Dong J., Li Q., Dong L., Zhu Y., Bai T., Wang S., Hao P., Yang W., Zhang Y., Han J., Yu H., Li D., Gao G.F., Wu G., Wang Y., Yuan Z., Shu Y. Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) Virus. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1888–1897. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1304459. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huang C., Liu W.J., Xu W., Jin T., Zhao Y., Song J., Shi Y., Ji W., Jia H., Zhou Y., Wen H., Zhao H., Liu H., Li H., Wang Q., Wu Y., Wang L., Liu D., Liu G., Yu H., Holmes E.C., Lu L., Gao G.F. A bat-derived putative cross-family recombinant coronavirus with a Reovirus gene. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12:e1005883. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Li J., Yu X.F., Pu X.Y., Xie L., Sun Y.X., Xiao H.X., Wang F.J., Din H., Wu Y., Liu D., Zhao G.Q., Liu J., Pan J.C. Environmental connections of novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus infection and virus adaptation to the human. Sci China Life Sci. 2013;56:485–492. doi: 10.1007/s11427-013-4491-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu J., Sun Y., Shi W., Tan S., Pan Y., Cui S., Zhang Q., Dou X., Lv Y., Li X., Li X., Chen L., Quan C., Wang Q., Zhao Y., Lv Q., Hua W., Zeng H., Chen Z., Xiong H., Jiang C., Pang X., Zhang F., Liang M., Wu G., Gao G.F., Liu W.J., Li A., Wang Q. The first imported case of Rift Valley fever in China reveals a genetic reassortment of different viral lineages. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6:e4. doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.136. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu J., Xiao H., Lei F., Zhu Q., Qin K., Zhang X.W., Zhang X.L., Zhao D., Wang G., Feng Y., Ma J., Liu W., Wang J., Gao G.F. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. Science. 2005;309:1206–1206. doi: 10.1126/science.1115273. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu W.J. On the ground in Western Africa: from the outbreak to the elapse of Ebola. Protein Cell. 2016;7:621–623. doi: 10.1007/s13238-016-0305-2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lu G., Hu Y., Wang Q., Qi J., Gao F., Li Y., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Yuan Y., Bao J., Zhang B., Shi Y., Yan J., Gao G.F. Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26. Nature. 2013;500:227–231. doi: 10.1038/nature12328. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shi M., Lin X.D., Tian J.H., Chen L.J., Chen X., Li C.X., Qin X.C., Li J., Cao J.P., Eden J.S., Buchmann J., Wang W., Xu J., Holmes E.C., Zhang Y.Z. Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere. Nature. 2016;540:539–543. doi: 10.1038/nature20167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shi Y., Zhang W., Wang F., Qi J., Wu Y., Song H., Gao F., Bi Y., Zhang Y., Fan Z., Qin C., Sun H., Liu J., Haywood J., Liu W., Gong W., Wang D., Shu Y., Wang Y., Yan J., Gao G.F. Structures and receptor binding of hemagglutinins from human-infecting H7N9 influenza viruses. Science. 2013;342:243–247. doi: 10.1126/science.1242917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tang J., Wang C., Feng Y., Yang W., Song H., Chen Z., Yu H., Pan X., Zhou X., Wang H., Wu B., Wang H., Zhao H., Lin Y., Yue J., Wu Z., He X., Gao F., Khan A.H., Wang J., Zhao G.P., Wang Y., Wang X., Chen Z., Gao G.F. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang H., Shi Y., Song J., Qi J., Lu G., Yan J., Gao G.F. Ebola viral glycoprotein bound to its endosomal receptor Niemann-pick C1. Cell. 2016;164:258–268. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang Q., Yang H., Liu X., Dai L., Ma T., Qi J., Wong G., Peng R., Liu S., Li J., Li S., Song J., Liu J., He J., Yuan H., Xiong Y., Liao Y., Li J., Yang J., Tong Z., Griffin B.D., Bi Y., Liang M., Xu X., Qin C., Cheng G., Zhang X., Wang P., Qiu X., Kobinger G., Shi Y., Yan J., Gao G.F. Molecular determinants of human neutralizing antibodies isolated from a patient infected with Zika virus. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:369ra179–369ra179. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8336. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang Y., Liu D., Shi W., Lu R., Wang W., Zhao Y., Deng Y., Zhou W., Ren H., Wu J., Wang Y., Wu G., Gao G.F., Tan W. Origin and possible genetic recombination of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the first imported case in china: phylogenetics and coalescence analysis. MBio. 2015;6:e01280–15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01280-15. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu Y., Cho M.S., Shore D., Song M., Choi J.A., Jiang T., Deng Y.Q., Bourgeois M., Almli L., Yang H., Chen L.M., Shi Y., Qi J., Li A., Yi K.S., Chang M.S., Bae J.S., Lee H.J., Shin J.Y., Stevens J., Hong S.S., Qin C.F., Gao G.F., Chang S.J., Donis R.O. A potent broad-spectrum protective human monoclonal antibody crosslinking two haemagglutinin monomers of influenza A virus. Nat Commun. 2015;6:7708. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8708. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu Y., Vavricka C.J., Wu Y., Li Q., Rudrawar S., Thomson R.J. v, Itzstein M., Gao G.F., Qi J. Atypical group 1 neuraminidase pH1N1-N1 bound to a group 1 inhibitor. Protein Cell. 2015;6:771–773. doi: 10.1007/s13238-015-0197-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yang S., Wu J., Ding C., Cui Y., Zhou Y., Li Y., Deng M., Wang C., Xu K., Ren J., Ruan B., Li L. Epidemiological features of and changes in incidence of infectious diseases in China in the first decade after the SARS outbreak: an observational trend study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:716–725. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30227-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yu X.J., Liang M.F., Zhang S.Y., Liu Y., Li J.D., Sun Y.L., Zhang L., Zhang Q.F., Popov V.L., Li C., Qu J., Li Q., Zhang Y.P., Hai R., Wu W., Wang Q., Zhan F.X., Wang X.J., Kan B., Wang S.W., Wan K.L., Jing H.Q., Lu J.X., Yin W.W., Zhou H., Guan X.H., Liu J.F., Bi Z.Q., Liu G.H., Ren J., Wang H., Zhao Z., Song J.D., He J.R., Wan T., Zhang J.S., Fu X.P., Sun L.N., Dong X.P., Feng Z.J., Yang W.Z., Hong T., Zhang Y., Walker D.H., Wang Y., Li D.X. Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel Bunyavirus in China. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1523–1532. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010095. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang B.K., Gao G.F. A new chapter for China’s public health security—aids offered to Africa to combat Ebola. Sci China Life Sci. 2015;58:114–116. doi: 10.1007/s11427-014-4787-y. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang W., Shi Y., Lu X., Shu Y., Qi J., Gao G.F. An airborne transmissible avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin seen at the atomic level. Science. 2013;340:1463–1467. doi: 10.1126/science.1236787. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhu F.C., Wang H., Fang H.H., Yang J.G., Lin X.J., Liang X.F., Zhang X.F., Pan H.X., Meng F.Y., Hu Y.M., Liu W.D., Li C.G., Li W., Zhang X., Hu J.M., Peng W.B., Yang B.P., Xi P., Wang H.Q., Zheng J.S. A novel influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in various age groups. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2414–2423. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhu F.C., Wurie A.H., Hou L.H., Liang Q., Li Y.H., Russell J.B.W., Wu S.P., Li J.X., Hu Y.M., Guo Q., Xu W.B., Wurie A.R., Wang W.J., Zhang Z., Yin W.J., Ghazzawi M., Zhang X., Duan L., Wang J.Z., Chen W. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine in healthy adults in Sierra Leone: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2017;389:621–628. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32617-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
